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      Profil Sensori dan Tingkat Kesukaan Konsumen pada Kuah Bakso Sapi dengan Substitusi NaCl Menggunakan Monosodium Glutamat

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      RAMADHAN, NOVAL
      Yuliana, Nancy Dewi
      Indrasti, Dias
      Hunaefi, Dase
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      Abstract
      Konsumsi natrium berlebih dari produk pangan berkuah seperti bakso sapi berisiko memicu Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) seperti hipertensi dan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan profil sensori dan menentukan formulasi terbaik pada kuah bakso sapi rendah natrium melalui substitusi parsial Natrium Klorida (NaCl) dengan Monosodium Glutamat (MSG). Formulasi yang diuji meliputi F0 (kontrol 100% NaCl), F1 (75% NaCl : 25% MSG), F2 (50% NaCl : 50% MSG), dan F3 (25% NaCl : 75% MSG). Evaluasi dilakukan melalui metode Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA), uji hedonik, uji peringkat, serta analisis pengambilan keputusan dengan indeks efektivitas De Garmo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan F2 merupakan formulasi terbaik dengan nilai produk sebesar 0,758. Formulasi ini mampu menurunkan estimasi kadar natrium hingga 34,4% (menjadi 309,7 mg/100 mL) dengan tetap mempertahankan tingkat penerimaan konsumen melalui skor overall liking 6,98 (skala 1–9) dan konsisten masuk dalam kelompok peringkat teratas. MSG pada F2 berfungsi optimal sebagai pengikat rasa dan penguat umami yang meningkatkan persepsi asin tanpa menimbulkan penyimpangan rasa (off-flavor). Sebaliknya, reduksi ekstrem pada F3 merusak keseimbangan rasa dan memicu sisa rasa pahit serta kesat akibat sifat membatasi diri (self-limiting) dari MSG berlebih. Berdasarkan regulasi terbaru, kadar natrium F2 menempatkan produk ini ke dalam Nutri-Level C sesuai ketentuan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM), serta selaras dengan anjuran batasan konsumsi natrium harian dari Kementerian Kesehatan. Substitusi 50% NaCl dengan 50% MSG sangat prospektif dikembangkan sebagai inovasi alternatif pangan olahan yang lebih sehat di industri komersial.
       
      Excessive sodium consumption from soupy foods like beef meatballs poses a risk of triggering Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to characterize the sensory profile and determine the optimal formulation for low-sodium beef meatball broth through partial substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). The evaluated formulations included F0 (100% NaCl control), F1 (75% NaCl : 25% MSG), F2 (50% NaCl : 50% MSG), and F3 (25% NaCl : 75% MSG). Evaluations were conducted using the Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) method, hedonic testing, ranking test, and decision-making analysis via the De Garmo Effectiveness Index. The results showed that F2 was the optimal formulation with a Product Value of 0.758. This formulation successfully reduced estimated sodium content by 34.4% (to 309.7 mg/100 mL) while maintaining consumer acceptance with an overall liking score of 6.98 (1-9 scale) and consistently ranked in the top preference group. MSG in F2 acted optimally as a flavor binder and umami enhancer that improved saltiness perception without causing off-flavors. Conversely, extreme salt reduction in F3 disrupted flavor balance and triggered bitter and astringent aftertastes due to the self-limiting properties of excessive MSG. Based on recent regulations, the sodium content of F2 classifies the product into Nutri-Level C under Indonesian FDA (BPOM) guidelines, aligning with the Ministry of Health's recommended daily sodium limits. The 50% NaCl substitution with 50% MSG is highly prospective as a healthier processed food innovation in the commercial industry.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176826
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      • UF - Food Science and Technology [3682]

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