Kajian mutu minyak sawit kasar dan analisis karakterisrik olein serta stearin sebagai hasil fraksinasinya

Abstract

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is a vegetable oil obtained from oil palm fruit extraction process (Elais guinneensis) with reddish orange colour. Standards applicable in Indonesia for CPO released by the National Standardization Agency stated in the document SNI 01-2901-2006 include free fatty acids (maximum 0.5%), moisture and impurities (maximum 0.5%), iodine value (50-55 g yodium/100 g), and reddish orange. In addition to chemical characteristics, other characteristics CPO such as carotene content and DOBI are also important to know as additional data. To increase the value-added palm oil, fractionated CPO usually produces two components, namely liquid olein and stearin with solid form. This study aims to obtain quality data CPO based on SNI-01-2901-2006, carotene, DOBI, and investigate the characteristics of the olein and stearin. Analysis of five types of CPO samples show different data on each CPO character. The result showed moisture content and impurities 0.33-5.39%, free fatty acids 3.84-5.88%, iodine value 50.38-54.15 g yodium/100 g, carotene content 428.28-815.56 ppm, and DOBI 1.34-3.11. The variation can be influenced by several factors including the processing of each palm oil mill and palm fruit oil condition of maturity that will be processed into crude palm oil. Fractination process carried out by melted CPO at 50 °C. The melted CPO was cooled until 15 °C with cooling rate 5 °C/30 minutes. Then crystallization carried out at 12°C for 16 hours. Separation was done by vacuum filter to get olein and stearin. The Olein and stearin were produced from fractination were analyzed. The results showed iodine value, slip melting point, and carotene content for olein consecutive 57.75-60.02 g yodium/100 g, 18.33-24 °C, and 438-536 ppm. While for stearin iodine value 34.95-42.32 g yodium/100 g, slip melting point 50.33-52 °C, and carotene content 215-276 ppm. Olein and stearin have very different characteristics.