Kajian terhadap Jamur Pangan Pelawan (Boletus sp.) Khas Indonesia sebagai Sumber Potensial Pangan Fungsional

Abstract

Pelawan mushroom (Boletus sp.) is an edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom which associated with pelawan tree in Bangka Belitung Province. Boletus sp. is consumed by local people and exported to Malaysia and Singapore. This study aimed to provide nutritional value and bioactive compound of the mushroom in order to support a promotion and development of functional food products derived from Indonesian national resources. The mushroom analysis included the determination of moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid compositions, vitamin and mineral (K, P, Ca, Na, Fe, and Zn) contents, dietary fiber, antioxidant components, and antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that Boletus sp. contained high protein (15.47%), high carbohydrate (75.81%), low fat (3.47%), and also good source of dietary fiber (11.71%). Total essential amino acid accounted for 29.86% of total amino acid, leucine was the highest amino acid and methionine was the lowest amino acid in the mushroom. Boletus sp. is a good source of mineral and has high amount of biotin and vitamin C. Data of fatty acid compotitions showed that saturated fatty acid has higher score than unsaturated fatty acid. Fatty acid compositions primarily are stearic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Total phenolic content was the highest antioxidant component (4.77 mg GAE/g), followed by β-carotene (15.37 μg/g), and lycopene (6.34 μg/g). Based on IC50 value, Boletus sp. scavenged 50% DPPH radicals at 5.99 mg/ml. This study indicated that pelawan mushroom is nutritious and can be used as a source of functional food.