Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Konsumsi Pangan dengan Status Gizi Remaja di SMPN 1 Ciomas

Abstract

Remaja rentan terhadap masalah gizi ganda yang dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan gizi dan konsumsi pangan. Penelitian cross-sectional ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan konsumsi pangan dengan status gizi (IMT/U) remaja, dengan memperhatikan karakteristik subjek dan sosial ekonomi keluarga. Sebanyak 105 siswa kelas 8 SMPN 1 Ciomas dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner, wawancara food recall 2x24 jam, serta pengukuran antropometri langsung. Uji hubungan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji rank Spearman, Chi-Square, dan Fisher's Exact Test. Meskipun 76,2% subjek berpengetahuan gizi baik, namun mayoritas mengalami defisit energi (65,7%), protein (78,1%), dan karbohidrat (78,1%). Sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi normal (84,8%), tetapi 15,2% mengalami underweight dan kegemukan. Jenis kelamin berhubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan gizi, dengan pengetahuan lebih baik pada perempuan. Uang saku berhubungan signifikan positif dengan kecukupan protein. Hasil uji yang berhubungan signifikan meliputi: status bekerja ibu dengan kecukupan energi, status bekerja ayah dan ibu dengan kecukupan protein, status bekerja ayah dengan kecukupan lemak, serta pendidikan ibu dan status bekerja ayah dan ibu dengan kecukupan karbohidrat. Hanya kecukupan protein yang berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi. Pengetahuan gizi yang baik belum diikuti dengan konsumsi pangan yang baik sehingga diperlukan edukasi gizi.

Adolescents are vulnerable to the double burden of malnutrition, which is influenced by nutritional knowledge and food consumption. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the correlations of nutritional knowledge and food consumption with nutritional status (BMI-for-age) among adolescents, while considering subject characteristics and family socioeconomic factors. A total of 105 eighth-grade students at SMPN 1 Ciomas were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, 2×24-hour food recall interviews, and direct anthropometric measurements. Correlations were then analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation, the chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Although 76.2% of subjects had good nutritional knowledge, most had deficits in energy (65.7%), protein (78.1%), and carbohydrate (78.1%) intake. Most subjects had normal nutritional status (84.8%), while 15.2% were underweight or overweight. Sex was significantly correlated with nutritional knowledge, with females having better knowledge. Pocket money was significantly and positively correlated with protein adequacy. Significant correlations were also found between maternal employment status and energy adequacy; paternal and maternal employment status and protein adequacy; paternal employment status and fat adequacy; and maternal education and paternal and maternal employment status and carbohydrate adequacy. Only protein adequacy was significantly correlated with nutritional status. Good nutritional knowledge was not accompanied by good food consumption; therefore, nutrition education is needed.