Kualitas Tidur, Tingkat Stres, Pola Konsumsi Pangan, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Status Gizi Mahasiswa PPKU IPB

Abstract

Status gizi merupakan kondisi tubuh yang mencerminkan keseimbangan antara asupan dan kebutuhan zat gizi. Zat gizi berperan sebagai sumber energi, mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, memperbaiki jaringan tubuh, serta mengatur proses metabolisme. Permasalahan gizi di Indonesia masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk pada mahasiswa yang rentan mengalami masalah gizi akibat perubahan gaya hidup dan tuntutan akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kualitas tidur, tingkat stres, pola konsumsi pangan, dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi mahasiswa PPKU Angkatan 62 IPB University. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 98 mahasiswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik proposionate cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner PSQI, DASS-42, SQ-FFQ, IPAQ-SF, serta pengukuran indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar subjek memiliki kualitas tidur buruk (78,6%), tingkat stres normal (55,1%), aktivitas fisik sedang (46,9%), dan status gizi normal (56,1%). Mayoritas subjek juga memiliki tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat yang tergolong defisit. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur (p=0,835), tingkat stres (p=0,923), tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,374), protein (p=0,430), lemak (p=0,639), karbohidrat (p=0,157), maupun aktivitas fisik (p=0,884) dengan status gizi mahasiswa.

Nutritional status reflects the balance between nutrient intake and the body's nutritional requirements. Nutrients serve as a source of energy, support growth and development, repair body tissues, and regulate various metabolic processes. Nutritional problems remain a major public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly among university students who are vulnerable to nutritional issues due to lifestyle changes and academic demands. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sleep quality, stress level, food consumption pattern, and physical activity, with the nutritional status of PPKU Batch 62 students at IPB University. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 98 students selected using proposionate cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42), Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and anthropometric measurements to determine Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed descriptively and using Spearman's rank correlation test. The results showed that most participants had poor sleep quality (78.6%), normal stress levels (55.1%), moderate physical activity (46.9%), and normal nutritional status (56.1%). Most participants also had deficient energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate adequacy levels. Spearman's rank correlation test showed no significant association between sleep quality (p=0.835), stress level (p=0.923), energy adequacy (p=0.374), protein adequacy (p=0.430), fat adequacy (p=0.639), carbohydrate adequacy (p=0.157), or physical activity (p=0.884) and students' nutritional status.