Analisis Kontestasi Kekuasaan antara Negara, Bisnis, dan Masyarakat pada Perspektif Hukum: Kajian Literatur Terintegrasi

Abstract

Negara, bisnis, dan masyarakat merupakan tiga aktor penting yang memiliki peran dan tujuan masing-masing sehingga memerlukan sinergi untuk mewujudkan harmoni dan kemajuan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peta penelitian, mengidentifikasi pola power struggle, serta mengkaji dampak hubungan antara ketiga aktor tersebut dalam perspektif hukum. Penelitian menggunakan metode Integrative Literature Review dengan pendekatan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan aplikasi VOSviewer dan seleksi literatur melalui metode PRISMA serta Critical Appraisal Tools. Data penelitian diperoleh dari basis data Scopus dan didukung oleh literatur tambahan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kajian power struggle dalam perspektif hukum berkembang secara multidisipliner. Analisis bibliometrik menghasilkan sebelas klaster utama yang menunjukkan keterkaitan berbagai aspek. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi enam pola utama power struggle, yaitu regulatory capture, marginalisasi masyarakat, fragmentasi otoritas hukum, geopolitisasi hukum, kompromi antaraktor, dan perebutan kendali atas aparatus hukum. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa power struggle memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap legitimasi negara, stabilitas regulasi bisnis, serta akses masyarakat terhadap keadilan hukum.

The state, business, and society are three key actors with distinct roles and objectives that must work synergistically to achieve social harmony and social progress. This study aims to analyze the research landscape, identify patterns of power struggle, and examine the impacts of the relationship among the three actors from a legal perspective. The study employed an Integrative Literature Review method combined with bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and literature selection through the PRISMA method and Critical Appraisal Tools. Research data were obtained from the Scopus database and supported by additional relevant literature. The findings indicate that studies on power struggle in the legal perspective have developed in a multidisciplinary manner. Bibliometric analysis produced eleven main clusters that show the interrelationships of various aspects. The findings identified six major patterns of power struggle: regulatory capture, marginalization of society, fragmentation of legal authority, geopoliticization of law, compromise among actors, and struggles over legal enforcement apparatuses. The study also found that power struggles significantly affect state legitimacy, business regulatory stability, and public access to justice.