Hubungan Massa Otot dan Asupan Protein terhadap Kekuatan Otot Handgrip pada Mahasiswa IPB University yang Melakukan Latihan Beban

Abstract

Kekuatan otot merupakan komponen penting dalam menunjang performa fisik yang dipengaruhi oleh massa otot, asupan protein, dan kebiasaan latihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan massa otot dan asupan protein terhadap kekuatan otot pada mahasiswa IPB University yang melakukan latihan beban. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling pada 35 mahasiswa. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), kekuatan otot menggunakan handgrip dynamometer, dan asupan protein diperoleh melalui Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa otot memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan kekuatan otot (r=0,429; p=0,010), sedangkan asupan protein total tidak berhubungan signifikan (r=0,073; p=0,676). Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa massa otot, kebiasaan latihan, dan asupan protein secara simultan berhubungan signifikan dengan kekuatan otot (p<0,001) dengan kemampuan model menjelaskan 66,4% variasi kekuatan otot (Adjusted R²=0,664). Secara parsial, massa otot, frekuensi latihan, asupan protein hewani, dan tingkat kecukupan protein berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa massa otot, frekuensi latihan, dan asupan protein hewani merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kekuatan otot pada mahasiswa yang melakukan latihan beban.

Muscle strength is an essential component of physical performance influenced by muscle mass, protein intake, and training habits. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and protein intake with muscle strength among IPB University students who regularly performed resistance training. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 35 students selected through purposive sampling. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and protein intake was obtained through a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that muscle mass was positively associated with muscle strength (r=0.429; p=0.010), whereas total protein intake was not significantly associated with muscle strength (r=0.073; p=0.676). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that muscle mass, training habits, and protein intake were simultaneously associated with muscle strength (p<0.001), explaining 66.4% of the variance in muscle strength (adjusted R²=0.664). Partially, muscle mass, training frequency, animal protein intake, and protein adequacy level were significant predictors of muscle strength. These findings indicate that muscle mass, training frequency, and animal protein intake contribute to muscle strength among university students who perform weight training.