Analisis Perilaku Merokok, Kebiasaan Makan, Status Gizi, dan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Laki-laki Dewasa

Abstract

Perilaku merokok merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan yang dapat memengaruhi kebiasaan makan, status gizi, dan peningkatan risiko hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku merokok, kebiasaan makan, status gizi, dan kejadian hipertensi pada laki-laki dewasa. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan di Desa Ngujung, Magetan, Jawa Timur dengan subjek berjumlah 57 orang yang terdiri dari 46 orang perokok dan 11 orang bukan perokok. Data perilaku merokok diukur menggunakan Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) versi bahasa Indonesia serta kebiasaan makan menggunakan FFQ dan food recall 2x24 hours. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman dan Fisher Exact. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar subjek perokok berusia 50–59 tahun (42,1%), berpendidikan SMA atau diatasnya (49,1%), bekerja sebagai wiraswasta (42,1%), dan memiliki pendapatan <Rp2.553.866,00 (49,1%). Sebagian besar subjek bukan perokok berusia 50–59 tahun (14,0%), berpendidikan SMA atau diatasnya (14,0%), bekerja sebagai wiraswasta (7,0%), dan memiliki pendapatan =Rp2.553.866,00 (10,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan frekuensi konsumsi kopi (p=0,001), protein hewani (p=0,035), sayuran (p=0,001), asupan kalium (p=0,007), tingkat kecukupan protein (p=0,002) dan lemak (p=0,015), kejadian hipertensi (p=0,038) berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku merokok. Analisis bivariat juga menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi konsumsi kacang-kacangan (p=0,028) dan status gizi (p=0,009) berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi.

Smoking behavior is a major public health concern that can influence dietary habits, nutritional status, and increase the risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze smoking behavior, dietary habits, nutritional status, and hypertension among adult men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ngujung Village, Magetan Regency, East Java, involving 57 participants, consisting of 46 smokers and 11 non-smokers. Smoking behavior was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ), while dietary habits were evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and food recall 2x24 hours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses with Spearman's rank correlation and Fisher's exact tests. The descriptive analysis showed that most smokers were aged 50–59 years (42.1%), had completed senior high school or higher education (49.1%), were self-employed (42.1%), and had a monthly income of less than IDR 2,553,866.00 (49.1%). Among non-smokers, the majority were also aged 50–59 years (14.0%), had completed senior high school or higher education (14.0%), were self-employed (7.0%), and had a monthly income of at least IDR 2,553,866.00 (10.5%). Bivariate analysis demonstrated that the frequency of coffee consumption (p=0.001), animal protein consumption (p=0.035), vegetable consumption (p=0.001), potassium intake (p=0.007), protein adequacy level (p=0.002), fat adequacy level (p=0.015), and hypertension (p=0.038) were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Furthermore, the frequency of legume consumption (p=0.028) and nutritional status (p=0.009) were significantly associated with hypertension.