Hubungan Kebiasaan Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Lemak Tubuh dengan Kadar Kreatinin Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis di RS Islam Jakarta

Abstract

Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) merupakan penyakit progresif yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara irreversible. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik, dan persentase lemak tubuh dengan kadar serum kreatinin pasien PGK di RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional terhadap 51 pasien PGK yang dipilih secara purposive. Data kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik, dan persentase lemak tubuh diperoleh menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), dan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), sedangkan data serum kreatinin diperoleh dari rekam medis. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman (p<0,05). Sebagian besar subjek berjenis kelamin perempuan, berusia dewasa, hanya memiliki riwayat hipertensi, serta berada pada stadium 5 PGK. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki IMT normal, tingkat kecukupan protein dan lemak berlebih, tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat defisit berat, aktivitas fisik ringan, dan persentase lemak tubuh normal. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, maupun persentase lemak tubuh dengan kadar serum kreatinin (p>0,05). Namun, aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar serum kreatinin (p=0,046; r=-0,281). Penelitian berikutnya disarankan mempertimbangkan pengumpulan data volume urin 24 jam untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai kebutuhan zat gizi mikro pasien PGK

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive disease characterized by an irreversible decline in kidney function. This study aimed to analyze the association between eating habits, physical activity, body fat percentage, and serum creatinine levels among patients with CKD at Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 51 CKD patients selected using purposive sampling. Data on eating habits, physical activity, and body fat percentage were collected using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), while serum creatinine data were obtained from patients' medical records. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test (p<0.05). Most participants were female, adults, had hypertension only as a comorbidity, and were in Stage 5 CKD. Most participants had a normal BMI, excessive protein and fat adequacy, severely deficient carbohydrate adequacy, low physical activity, and normal body fat percentage. No significant associations were found between energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate adequacy, or body fat percentage and serum creatinine levels (p>0.05). However, physical activity was significantly associated with serum creatinine levels (p=0.046; r=-0.281). Future studies are recommended to consider collecting 24-hour urine volume data to obtain the assessment of micronutrient requirements in patients with CKD.