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      Karakterisasi Isolat Lokal Bacillus cereus asal Pangan Berdasarkan Profil Fenotipik, Suhu Pertumbuhan, Serta 16S rRNA

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Skripsi
      Subtype
      Undergraduate Theses
      Author
      WAHYUDI, NIDA AULIA
      Dewanti, Ratih
      Aryani, Diah Chandra
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      Abstract
      Identifikasi Bacillus cereus sensu stricto sulit dilakukan karena memHiliki kedekatan filogenetik yang sangat erat dengan beberapa spesies lain dalam kelompok Bacillus cereus sensu lato. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi 34 isolat lokal B. cereus yang diisolasi dari berbagai produk pangan berdasarkan sifat fenotipik, profil gen penyandi 16S rDNA, serta kemampuan tumbuh pada suhu berbeda (43 °C dan 5 °C). Karakteristik morfologi koloni dievaluasi menggunakan media selektif Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar, diikuti dengan serangkaian uji biokimia (uji katalase, hemolisis, dan motilitas), pewarnaan Gram, serta identifikasi molekuler. Hasil pengamatan morfologi pada media MYP menunjukkan seluruh isolat memiliki koloni berwarna merah muda yang dikelilingi oleh zona presipitasi dengan variasi ukuran diameter (2–4 mm hingga kategori besar). Seluruh isolat terkonfirmasi sebagai bakteri Gram- positif berbentuk basil dan memiliki endospora dengan letak yang bervariasi (sentral dan sub-sentral). Seluruh isolat (100%) menunjukkan aktivitas katalase positif, bersifat motil pada medium NA semipadat, dan mampu tumbuh pada suhu 43 °C namun tidak pada 5 °C, sehingga dikategorikan sebagai bakteri mesofilik. Uji ß-hemolisis pada media blood agar menunjukkan aktivitas hemolitik yang bervariasi setelah 24 jam; mayoritas isolat menunjukkan hasil positif kuat, isolat nomor 4 menunjukkan hasil positif lemah (weak), sedangkan isolat nomor 17 dan 31 menunjukkan hasil negatif. Analisis sekuens gen penyandi 16S rDNA menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi (98–100%, E-value 0,0, query coverage 100%) dengan spesies B. pacificus, B. albus, B. wiedmannii, B. mobilis, dan B. paramycoides. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakterisasi fenotipik dan gen 16S rDNA saja belum mampu memisahkan B. cereus (s.s.) secara spesifik dari kelompok B. cereus (s.l.) karena tingginya homogenitas karakteristik di antara spesies tersebut.
       
      Identifying Bacillus cereus sensu stricto presents a significant challenge due to its close phylogenetic relationship with other species within the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group. This study aimed to characterize 34 local isolates of B. cereus obtained from various food products based on their phenotypic traits, 16S rDNA gene profiles, and growth capabilities at different temperatures (43 °C and 5 °C). Colony morphology was evaluated using selective Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar, followed by biochemical assays (catalase, hemolysis, and motility tests), Gram staining, and molecular identification. Morphological observations on MYP agar revealed that all isolates formed pink colonies surrounded by a precipitation zone, with sizes varying from small (2–4 mm) to large. Microscopically, all isolates were confirmed as Gram-positive bacilli possessing endospores with variable positions (central and sub-central). Furthermore, 100% of the isolates were catalase-positive, motile in semipadat NA medium, and capable of growing at 43 °C but not at 5 °C, classifying them as mesophilic bacteria. The ß- hemolysis assay on blood agar demonstrated variable hemolytic activity after 24 hours; the majority of isolates showed strong positive results, isolate number 4 exhibited weak positive activity, while isolates 17 and 31 were negative. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA gene showed high similarity (98–100%, E- value 0.0, query coverage 100%) to B. pacificus, B. albus, B. wiedmannii, B. mobilis, and B. paramycoides. This study concludes that phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA gene analysis are insufficient to definitively differentiate B. cereus (s.s.) from the B. cereus (s.l.) group due to the high homogeneity among these species.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177338
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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