Hubungan Uang Saku dan Literasi Pangan dan Gizi dengan Tingkat Kerawanan Pangan Mahasiswa IPB

Abstract

Kerawanan pangan merupakan kondisi ketika individu tidak memiliki akses yang cukup terhadap pangan yang aman, bergizi, dan terjangkau. Mahasiswa termasuk kelompok yang rentan mengalami kerawanan pangan, tetapi masih kurang mendapat perhatian dalam kebijakan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan uang saku dan literasi pangan dan gizi dengan tingkat kerawanan pangan mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 100 mahasiswa tingkat 2 dan 3 IPB University Kampus Dramaga. Kerawanan pangan diukur menggunakan FIES dan literasi pangan dan gizi menggunakan FLBC. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, dan korelasi Spearman. Wawancara mendalam terhadap lima mahasiswa food secure dengan uang saku di bawah median dianalisis secara tematik. Sebanyak 80% mahasiswa mengalami kerawanan pangan dengan proporsi terbesar pada kategori moderately FI (33%). Uang saku (p=0,010; r=-0,257) dan alokasi belanja pangan (p<0,001; r=-0,347) berhubungan negatif dengan tingkat kerawanan pangan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara literasi pangan dan gizi dengan tingkat kerawanan pangan maupun dengan uang saku (p>0,05). Strategi koping yang dilakukan mahasiswa meliputi penyusunan anggaran, memasak sendiri, membawa bahan makanan dari rumah, memanfaatkan diskon makanan, meminjam uang dari teman, dan mencari bantuan dari kampus.

Food insecurity (FI) is a condition in which individuals lack sufficient access to safe, nutritious, and affordable food. University students are among the groups vulnerable to FI, yet they have received limited attention in FI policies. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of pocket money and food and nutrition literacy with FI among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 second- and third-year students at the IPB University Dramaga Campus. FI was assessed using the FIES, while food and nutrition literacy was measured using the FLBC. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation tests. In-depth interviews with five food-secure students whose pocket money was below the median were analyzed thematically. A total of 80% of students experienced FI, with the highest proportion classified as moderately FI (33%). Monthly pocket money (p=0.010; r=-0.257) and monthly food expenditure allocation (p<0.001; r=-0.347) were negatively associated with FI. No significant association was found between food and nutrition literacy and FI or pocket money (p>0.05). Students adopted several coping strategies, including budgeting, cooking their own meals, bringing food from home, taking advantage of food discounts, borrowing money from friends, and seeking campus assistance.