Hubungan Literasi Pangan dan Gizi serta Lingkungan Sosial dengan Kebiasaan Jajan Remaja di Kota dan Kabupaten Bandung

Abstract

Kebiasaan jajan merupakan perilaku makan yang umum dilakukan remaja dan berpotensi memengaruhi kualitas konsumsi serta status gizi. Literasi pangan, literasi gizi, dan lingkungan sosial diduga berperan dalam pembentukan kebiasaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan literasi pangan, literasi gizi, dan lingkungan sosial dengan kebiasaan jajan remaja serta menganalisis perbedaan kebiasaan jajan antara remaja di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada April–Mei 2026 di SMPN 41 Bandung dan SMPN 1 Ciwidey. Sebanyak 94 siswa kelas VII dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan uji Mann–Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki literasi gizi, literasi pangan, dan lingkungan sosial dalam kategori adekuat. Seluruh responden mengonsumsi jajanan, dengan 56% mengonsumsi jajanan lebih dari dua kali per hari dan 54% memiliki skor kebiasaan jajan kategori tinggi. Total literasi gizi berhubungan signifikan dengan kebiasaan jajan (r=-0,209; p=0,044), sedangkan literasi pangan tidak berhubungan signifikan (r=-0,191; p=0,065). Lingkungan sosial berhubungan signifikan dengan kebiasaan jajan (r=0,247; p=0,016). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kebiasaan jajan antara remaja di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung. Hubungan yang ditemukan tergolong lemah sehingga perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati.

Snacking is a common dietary behavior among adolescents and may influence dietary quality and nutritional status. Food literacy, nutrition literacy, and the social environment are considered important factors affecting adolescents' snacking behavior. This study aimed to analyze the associations of food literacy, nutrition literacy, and the social environment with adolescents' snacking behavior and to examine differences in snacking behavior between adolescents in Bandung City and Bandung Regency. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2026 at SMPN 41 Bandung and SMPN 1 Ciwidey. A total of 94 seventh-grade students were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires and analyzed descriptively using Spearman's correlation and the Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that most respondents had adequate nutrition literacy, food literacy, and social environment scores. All respondents consumed snacks, with 56% consuming snacks more than twice daily and 54% having high snacking behavior scores. Total nutrition literacy was significantly associated with snacking behavior (r = -0.209; p = 0.044), whereas food literacy was not significantly associated (r = -0.191; p = 0.065). The social environment was significantly associated with snacking behavior (r = 0.247; p = 0.016). No significant difference in snacking behavior was found between adolescents in Bandung City and Bandung Regency. The observed associations were weak and should therefore be interpreted with caution.