Hubungan Konsumsi Pangan dan Riwayat ASI dengan Status Gizi Balita di Kampung Adat

Abstract

Status gizi balita merupakan indikator penting yang mencerminkan kondisi kesehatan dan pertumbuhan anak serta dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi pangan dan riwayat pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan konsumsi pangan dan riwayat ASI dengan status gizi balita di Kampung Adat Urug, Naga, dan Pasir, Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional pada 72 balita usia 24–59 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, food recall 2×24 jam, Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), dan pengukuran antropometri. Status gizi dinilai berdasarkan indeks BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB, sedangkan analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Partial Correlation. Sebagian besar balita memiliki status gizi normal berdasarkan BB/U (79,2%), TB/U (68,1%), dan BB/TB (87,5%). Tingkat kecukupan protein didominasi kategori berlebih, sedangkan kecukupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat didominasi kategori defisit berat. Sebagian besar balita memiliki riwayat IMD, pemberian kolostrum, tidak menerima prelakteal, dan disusui hingga usia =2 tahun, meskipun lebih dari separuh tidak memperoleh ASI eksklusif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa riwayat ASI, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, frekuensi konsumsi, dan gramasi konsumsi pangan tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi balita (p>0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa status gizi balita dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berinteraksi di luar konsumsi pangan dan riwayat ASI.

Nutritional status is an important indicator reflecting the health and growth of children under five and is influenced by food consumption and breastfeeding history. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food consumption, breastfeeding history, and the nutritional status of children under five in the Urug, Naga, and Pasir traditional villages, West Java. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 children aged 24–59 months. Data were collected through structured interviews, two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) indices, while data were analyzed using Partial Correlation. Most children had normal nutritional status based on WAZ (79.2%), HAZ (68.1%), and WHZ (87.5%). Protein adequacy was predominantly classified as excessive, whereas energy, fat, and carbohydrate adequacy were mostly categorized as severe deficits. Most children had a history of early initiation of breastfeeding, received colostrum, were not given prelacteal feeding, and were breastfed for at least two years, although more than half did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The analysis showed that breastfeeding history, nutrient adequacy, food consumption frequency, and food consumption amount were not significantly associated with the nutritional status of children under five (p>0.05). These findings suggest that the nutritional status of children under five is influenced by multiple interacting factors beyond food consumption and breastfeeding history.