Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Praktik Gizi Siswa, Ibu, serta Guru di SMKN 3 Bogor Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan

Abstract

Masa remaja merupakan periode penting yang memerlukan penerapan gizi seimbang untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan optimal. Pengetahuan dan praktik gizi remaja dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan praktik gizi siswa, ibu, dan guru, serta peran guru pada siswa di SMKN 3 Bogor Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan subjek 138 siswa, 138 ibu, dan 20 guru yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik, pengetahuan gizi, praktik gizi, dan peran guru, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji Pearson, Spearman, Chi-square, dan Fisher’s Exact Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki pengetahuan gizi cukup (55,1%) dan praktik gizi cukup (70,3%). Sebagian besar ibu memiliki pengetahuan gizi cukup (64,5%) dan praktik gizi baik (55,8%), sedangkan sebagian besar guru memiliki pengetahuan gizi cukup (50,0%) dan praktik gizi cukup (80,0%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan gizi dan praktik gizi ibu (p=0,021) serta antara peran guru dan praktik gizi siswa (p=0,004). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada variabel lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan peningkatan peran guru dalam edukasi gizi mendukung perbaikan praktik gizi siswa.

Adolescence is a critical period that requires balanced nutrition to support optimal growth and development. Nutrition knowledge and dietary practices among adolescents are influenced by family and school environments. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices among students, mothers, and teachers, as well as the role of teachers among students at SMKN 3 Bogor, Computer and Network Engineering Department. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 138 students, 138 mothers, and 20 teachers selected through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires on nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and teacher roles, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most students had moderate nutrition knowledge (55.1%) and dietary practices (70.3%). Most mothers had moderate nutrition knowledge (64.5%) and good dietary practices (55.8%), while most teachers had moderate nutrition knowledge (50.0%) and dietary practices (80.0%). Significant relationships were found between mothers’ nutrition knowledge and dietary practices (p=0.021) and between teacher roles and students’ dietary practices (p=0.004). No significant relationships were found among the other variables. These findings indicate that improving mothers’ nutrition knowledge and imptoving teachers’ roles in nutrition education may support better dietary practices among students.