Analisis Kontestasi Kekuasaan pada Relasi Negara dan Bisnis pada Perspektif Hukum: Kajian Literatur Terintegrasi

Abstract

Negara dan bisnis merupakan dua institusi utama yang secara normatif bertujuan mewujudkan social harmony dan social progress, namun dalam praktiknya sering terlibat dalam power struggle yang berpotensi mengganggu fungsi hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peta penelitian, pola, dan dampak power struggle antara negara dan bisnis dalam perspektif hukum. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Integrative Literature Review (ILR) terhadap publikasi periode 2015–2025 yang dianalisis menggunakan VOSviewer dan analisis deskriptif. Dari 190 publikasi Scopus diperoleh 7 literatur utama yang dilengkapi 4 literatur dari ProQuest sehingga 11 literatur dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kajian power struggle negara dan bisnis bersifat multidisiplin dan masih terfragmentasi. Analisis mengidentifikasi lima pola power struggle, yaitu hegemoni, exit power, medan kekuasaan, relasional, dan institusional, serta dua pola interaksi, yaitu pseudo-mutualistik dan parasitik. Pola tersebut berdampak pada distorsi fungsi normatif hukum, komodifikasi hukum, erosi supremasi hukum, melemahnya kapasitas negara dalam melindungi kepentingan publik, serta reproduksi ketimpangan struktural dan menurunnya kepercayaan publik. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan etika publik dan sistem hukum yang proporsional untuk menjaga keseimbangan relasi negara dan bisnis.

The state and business are two principal institutions that normatively aim to achieve social harmony and social progress; however, their interactions often involve power struggles that may undermine the function of law. This study analyzes the research landscape, patterns, and impacts of power struggles between the state and business from a legal perspective. A qualitative approach was employed using the Integrative Literature Review (ILR) method on publications from 2015–2025, analyzed through VOSviewer and descriptive analysis. From 190 Scopus publications, 7 core articles were identified and complemented by 4 articles from ProQuest, resulting in 11 articles for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that studies on state–business power struggles are multidisciplinary and remain fragmented. Five patterns of power struggle were identified: hegemony, exit power, field of power, relational, and institutional, along with two interaction patterns, namely pseudo-mutualistic and parasitic. These patterns contribute to the distortion of the normative function of law, the commodification of law, the erosion of the rule of law, the weakening of state capacity to protect public interests, and the reproduction of structural inequality alongside declining public trust. This study highlights the importance of strengthening public ethics and maintaining a proportional legal system to ensure balanced state–business relations.