Perilaku Chrononutrition, Kualitas Diet, dan Kualitas Tidur sebagai Faktor Risiko Status Gizi Lebih pada Mahasiswa: Case-Control Study

Abstract

Status gizi lebih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor gaya hidup, termasuk perilaku chrononutrition, kualitas diet, dan kualitas tidur. Penelitian menggunakan desain case-control study dan melibatkan 100 mahasiswa, yaitu 50 mahasiswa status gizi lebih (kasus) dan 50 mahasiswa status gizi normal (kontrol). Data perilaku chrononutrition dikumpulkan menggunakan CP-Q, kualitas diet dianalisis dengan AHEI-2010 versi Indonesia, sedangkan kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan PSQI. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa evening latency (p=0,045), largest meal (p=0,003), kualitas diet (p=0,006), dan kualitas tidur (p<0,001) berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi lebih. Evening eating memiliki nilai p<0,250 sehingga dimasukkan ke dalam analisis multivariat. Pada analisis multivariat, setelah penyesuaian terhadap jenis kelamin, frekuensi olahraga, dan total asupan energi, largest meal malam hari meningkatkan risiko status gizi lebih sebesar 6,915 kali (AOR=6,915; 95% CI: 2,077–23,015) dan kualitas tidur buruk meningkatkan risiko status gizi lebih sebesar 7,472 kali (AOR=7,472; 95% CI: 2,160–25,484).

Overweight and obesity is a health issue influenced by lifestyle factors, including chrononutrition behavior, diet quality, and sleep quality. The study employed a case-control design and involved 100 university students, comprising 50 overweight/obese students (cases) and 50 students with normal nutritional status (controls). Chrononutrition behavior was assessed using the CP-Q, diet quality was analyzed using the Indonesian version of the AHEI-2010, whilst sleep quality was measured using the PSQI. Bivariate analysis results showed that evening latency (p=0.045), largest meal (p=0.003), diet quality (p=0.006), and sleep quality (p<0.001) were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Evening eating had a p-value <0.250 and was included in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for gender, exercise frequency, and total energy intake, the largest evening meal by 6.915 times (AOR=6.915; 95% CI: 2.077–23.015) and poor sleep quality increased the risk of overweight status by 7.472 times (AOR=7.472; 95% CI: 2.160–25.484).