Pengaruh Pencucian terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Rheologi Pati Sagu dari Kabupaten Lingga

Abstract

Kabupaten Lingga berpotensi sebagai penghasil pati sagu. Luas perkebunan sagu di Kabupaten Lingga mencapai 3.276 ha. Besarnya potensi pati sagu Lingga dapat ditingkatkan kualitas, nilai tambah, dan daya saingnya melalui pencucian. Penelitian mendalam terkait pengaruh dari pencucian pati sagu Lingga terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan rheologi sampai saat ini belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh frekuensi pencucian terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan rheologi pati sagu dan mempelajari perbedaan karakteristik fisikokimia dan rheologi pati sagu Lingga dengan pati sagu komersial. Metode penelitian yang dilaksanakan meliputi pengolahan sagu basah, karakterisasi fisikokimia dan rheologi pati, serta pengolahan data statistik. Pencucian pati sagu meningkatkan kecerahan (L*), kadar pati, dan kadar amilopektin. Kadar abu dan kadar amilosa menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya frekuensi pencucian. Secara rheologi, peningkatan frekuensi pencucian menyebabkan kenaikan nilai viskositas puncak, viskositas minimum, viskositas akhir, serta parameter breakdown dan setback. Karakteristik fisikokimia pati sagu Lingga menunjukkan perbedaan terhadap pati sagu komersial pada sebagian besar parameter pengamatan, kecuali kadar pati yang tidak berbeda nyata. Karakteristik reologi pati sagu Nerekeh 1 relatif serupa dengan pati sagu Papua, sedangkan pati sagu Industri menunjukkan karakteristik reologi yang mendekati pati sagu Merawang. Pati sagu Industri yang dicuci sebanyak empat kali paling mendekati karakteristik dari pati sagu komersial.

Lingga Regency has strong potential as a sago starch-producing region, with a sago plantation area reaching 3,276 ha. The quality, added value, and competitiveness of Lingga sago starch can be improved through washing treatment. However, studies regarding the effect of washing frequency on the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of Lingga sago starch are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of washing frequency on the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of sago starch and to compare the characteristics of Lingga sago starch with commercial sago starch. The research methods included wet sago starch processing, physicochemical and rheological characterization, and statistical data analysis. Washing treatment increased lightness (L*), starch content, and amylopectin content. In contrast, ash content and amylose content decreased with increasing washing frequency. Rheologically, higher washing frequency increased peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, as well as breakdown and setback values. The physicochemical characteristics of Lingga sago starch differed from those of commercial sago starch in most observed parameters, except for starch content, which showed no significant difference. The rheological characteristics of Nerekeh 1 sago starch were relatively similar to those of Papua sago starch, whereas industrial sago starch exhibited rheological characteristics comparable to Merawang sago starch. Industrial sago starch washed four times showed characteristics most closely resembling those of commercial sago starch.