Hubungan Status Gizi, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Pola Konsumsi Pangan dengan Gula Darah Puasa Penyandang Diabetes Melitus di Kota Bogor

Abstract

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dan dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serta prevalensinya yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan status gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan pola konsumsi pangan dengan kadar gula darah puasa pada penyandang Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan pada Juli–Desember 2024 dengan subjek berjumlah 51 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas subjek berusia =60 tahun (65%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (86,3%), status gizi adalah obesitas I (33%) dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik berat (82%). Mayoritas subjek mengalami defisit energi, protein, dan karbohidrat, namun lemak berlebih. Analisis hubungan menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi konsumsi lauk hewani dan tingkat kecukupan protein memiliki hubungan dengan kadar gula darah puasa. Selain itu, frekuensi konsumsi minuman manis terdapat hubungan dengan indeks massa tubuh serta tingkat kecukupan lemak terdapat hubungan dengan aktivitas fisik (p<0,05).

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that may lead to complications, the prevalence continuing to rise in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, physical activity, and dietary patterns with fasting blood glucose levels among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bogor City. The study employed a cross-sectional design conducted from July to December 2024, involving 51 subjekts selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the majority of subjekts were aged =60 years (65%) and female (86.3%), with a nutritional status of obesity I (33%) and a high level of physical activity (82%). Most subjekts had deficits in energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake, but had excessive fat intake. The relationship analysis indicated that the frequency of animal based food consumption and protein adequacy levels was associated with fasting blood glucose levels. The frequency of sweetened beverage consumption was associated with body mass index, while fat adequacy level was associated with physical activity (p<0.05).