Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktik, dan Konsumsi Pangan dengan Status Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMAN Bogor

Abstract

Remaja putri rentan mengalami anemia karena peningkatan kebutuhan zat gizi dan mengalami menstruasi setiap bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, praktik gizi, dan konsumsi pangan dengan status anemia remaja putri di SMAN Bogor. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2023 di Bogor. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswi SMAN 7 Kota Bogor dan SMAN 1 Ciomas. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran kadar Hb, serta wawancara konsumsi pangan dengan SQ-FFQ. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif dan uji chi square. Sebanyak 37 orang (35%) dari total 105 subjek mengalami anemia, rata-rata kadar Hb subjek adalah 12,7 ± 2,4 mg/dL. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepatuhan TTD (p=0,043), tingkat kecukupan protein (p=0,034), dan tingkat kecukupan zat besi (Fe) (p=0,001) dengan status anemia. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan (p=0,796), sikap (p=0,053), praktik (p=0,629), serta tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,065), lemak (p=0,637), karbohidrat (p=0,122), seng (p=0,297), vitamin C (p=0,083), dan folat (p=0,479) dengan status anemia.

Adolescent girls are prone to anemia due to increased nutrient requirements and menstruation every month. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, practices and food consumption with the anemia status of adolescent girls at SMAN Bogor. The design of this study was cross sectional and conducted in June-July 2023 at Bogor. The subjects were female students of SMAN 7 Bogor City and SMAN 1 Ciomas. Data collected by filling questionnaires, measuring Hb, and interviewing food consumption with SQ-FFQ. Data analysis included descriptive analysis and chi square analysis. Total 37 subjects (35%) out of 105 subjects experienced anemia, the average Hb of subjects was 12.7 ± 2.4 mg/dL. There was significant relationship between TTD compliance (p=0.043), protein sufficiency level (p=0.034), and iron (Fe) sufficiency level (p=0.001) with anemia status. There was no significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.796), attitude (p=0.053), practice (p=0.629), and adequacy level of energy (p=0.065), fat (p=0.637), carbohydrate (p=0.122), zinc (p=0.297), vitamin C (p=0.083), and folate (p=0.479) with anemia status of the subjects.