Hubungan Indikator Ketahanan Pangan dengan Prevalensi Wasting dan Underweight Balita di 34 Provinsi

Abstract

Prevalensi wasting (10,2%) dan underweight (17,7%) balita di Indonesia tahun 2018 yang melebihi prevalensi global berturut-turut sebesar 7,5% dan 12,9%, salah satunya disebabkan oleh ketahanan pangan. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan indikator ketahanan pangan dengan prevalensi wasting dan underweight balita di 34 provinsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu ecological study. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan Microsoft Excel, Neraca Bahan Makanan, dan SPSS. Proses pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022-Maret 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar provinsi (82,4%) memiliki ketersediaan pangan berlebih, namun skor PPH belum ideal. Aspek keterjangkauan berdasarkan tingkat kemiskinan tergolong sangat rendah, pengeluaran pangan tergolong rendah, dan penduduk tanpa akses listrik sebagian besar provinsi tergolong sangat rendah. Sebagian besar provinsi (97,1%) memiliki tingkat konsumsi pangan yang cukup tetapi skor PPH belum mencapai skor ideal. Analisis inferensia menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemiskinan, pengeluaran pangan, akses listrik, tingkat konsumsi energi-protein, dan skor PPH konsumsi berhubungan signifikan dengan prevalensi wasting. Adapun konsumsi protein, skor PPH ketersediaan, tingkat kemiskinan, pengeluaran pangan, akses listrik, tingkat konsumsi energi-protein, dan skor PPH konsumsi berhubungan signifikan dengan prevalensi underweight (p<0,1).

The prevalence of wasting and underweight in Indonesia exceeded the global prevalence of 7.5% and 12.9% respectively, one of which was due to food security. The general aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between food security indicators with the prevalence of wasting and underweight. This study uses secondary data. The research design used is ecological study. Data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Food Balance Sheet, and SPSS. The data processing and analysis were carried out in December 2022-March 2023. The results showed that most provinces had excess food availability (82,4%), but the DDP score had not ideal. The affordability aspect based on the poverty level is classified as very low, food expenditure is classified as low, and the population without access to electricity in most provinces is classified as very low. Most provinces have an adequate level of food consumption (97,1%) but the DDP score has not ideal. Inferential analysis shows that poverty, food expenditure, electricity, energy-protein consumption, and consumption DDP score are significantly related to wasting prevalence. Meanwhile, protein consumption, availability DDP score, poverty, food expenditure, electricity, energy-protein consumption, and consumption DDP score were significantly related to underweight prevalence (p<0.1).