Penyusunan Dokumen HACCP pada Produksi Sosis Ayam Selongsong Selulosa di PT XYZ

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan pola hidup masyarakat. Dewasa ini, masyarakat memilih menyimpan makanan dalam jangka panjang. Produk pangan beku menjadi pilihan paling diminati dan membuat produsen pangan beku berlomba memenuhi permintaan pasar. Tingginya tingkat produksi harus selaras dengan pelaksanaan manajemen keamanan pangan yang baik. PT XYZ merupakan salah satu industri pangan yang bergerak pada pengolahan produk pangan beku dengan bahan baku daging ayam, tingkat produksi tertinggi dimiliki oleh sosis ayam selongsong selulosa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan kegiatan magang yang bertujuan mempelajari proses produksi dan menentukan control point sosis ayam selongsong selulosa di PT XYZ serta menyusun rencana dan dokumen HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Point). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur, studi kasus, pengumpulan data dan penyusunan rencana HACCP. Penyusunan rencana HACCP mengidentifikasi keberadaan bahaya dan titik kritis pada keseluruhan proses produksi. Bahaya digolongkan pada bahaya fisik, kimia dan biologi. Bahaya disebabkan aktivitas mikroba maupun kontaminasi peralatan dan lingkungan serta personel. Titik kritis terdeteksi pada tahapan pemasakan, pendinginan cepat, deteksi metal, pembekuan cepat dan distribusi rantai dingin. Bahaya dapat terjadi apabila suhu target produk tidak tercapai, kontaminasi peralatan dan personel. Bahaya dan titik kritis terdeteksi dikendalikan dengan tindakan koreksi sesuai bahayanya. Pengawasan penerapan rencana HACCP dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan sistem monitoring dan dokumentasi.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed people's lifestyles. Today, people choose to store food in the long term. Frozen food is the most popular choice because they have a long shelf life and is easy to cook. Therefore, frozen food manufacturers are competing to meet market demand. Production increases must be in line with the implementation of good food safety management. PT XYZ is one of the food industries that is engaged in processing frozen food products with chicken meat as the raw material with the highest production level owned by cellulose shell chicken sausage. This research was carried out in conjunction with an internship that aims to study the production process of cellulose-sleeved chicken sausage at PT XYZ and develop plans and documents for HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Point). The research was conducted by conducting literature studies, case studies, data collection, and HACCP planning. HACCP plan development identified hazards and critical points in the entire production process. Hazards are classified into physical, chemical, and biological hazards. Hazards were caused by microbial activity as well as contamination of equipment and the environment and personnel. Critical points were detected in the stages of cooking, rapid cooling, metal detection, rapid freezing and cold chain distribution. Hazards might occur if the target product temperature is not reached, contamination of equipment and personnel. Hazards and detected points could be controlled by appropriate measures for the hazard. Supervision of the implementation of the HACCP plan could be done by implementing a monitoring and documentation system.