Ketersediaan Produk Pangan Mengandung Kultur di Situs Belanja Daring dan Pengetahuan serta Persepsi tentang Probiotik pada Mahasiswa di Jabodetabek

Abstract

Produk berkultur mikroorganisme beredar luas di pasar swalayan maupun toko belanja daring, akan tetapi informasi ketersediaan produk ini di situs daring Indonesia belum diketahui. Probiotik dikenal akan manfaat kesehatan bagi manusia. Produk probiotik meliputi produk makanan dan minuman serta suplemen. Meskipun kebutuhan terhadap produk probiotik meningkat, penelitian mengenai pengetahuan dan persepsi tentang probiotik belum banyak dilakukan, khususnya di Jabodetabek. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi terkini mengenai ketersediaan pangan berkultur di situs daring dan mengevaluasi pengetahuan dan persepsi mahasiswa di Jabodetabek terhadap probiotik. Studi potong-lintang diterapkan pada survei produk berkultur (susu fermentasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL), kefir, kombucha, dan sari buah berkultur) dan survei responden sebanyak 200 mahasiswa. Survei produk berkultur dilakukan di tiga situs belanja (Shopee, Tokopedia, Blibli). Survei responden dilakukan melalui kuesioner Google Forms. Hasil survei ketersediaan produk menunjukkan bahwa susu fermentasi BAL paling banyak tersedia. Kultur Streptococcus thermophilus paling banyak dinyatakan pada berbagai produk. Sebagian besar produk tidak terdapat klaim sebagai probiotik. Pada hasil survei responden, mayoritas responden (53%) memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang. Pengetahuan dasar mengenai definisi probiotik paling banyak diketahui (92%) namun kurang dari 65% responden yang memahami manfaat kesehatan probiotik serta produk probiotik dan penanganannya. Mahasiswa yang mempelajari ilmu hayati dan/atau kesehatan memiliki pengetahuan lebih baik. Terdapat 87% responden yang mengonsumsi produk probiotik./berkultur. Hanya 10% yang mengonsumsi suplemen. Mayoritas responden mengonsumsinya tidak rutin. Produk yang paling umum dikonsumsi yaitu susu skim fermentasi. Keputusan pembelian produk probiotik/berkultur paling banyak dipengaruhi rasa. Terdapat asosiasi pengetahuan responden mengenai probiotik dengan rumpun ilmu (p<0,05), serta frekuensi konsumsi dengan rumpun ilmu (p<0,05) dan tingkat pengetahuan seputar probiotik (p<0,05). Responden dengan pengetahuan mengenai probiotik yang baik cenderung memiliki frekuensi konsumsi yang semakin rutin. Oleh karena pengetahuan dan tingkat konsumsi yang masih rendah, perlu adanya edukasi untuk mahasiswa terkait probiotik beserta peran kesehatan dan contoh produknya.

Cultured foods are widespread in many markets and online shops. However, information about the availability of those products in Indonesia is yet unknown. Probiotics are well-known for their health benefit to human. Probiotic products include foods, beverages, and supplements. Despite the rise of consumer demand, reported studies regarding the knowledge and perception towards probiotics are limited, especially in Jabodetabek. This study aimed to obtain the latest information regarding the availability of cultured foods on online shops and to evaluate the knowledge and perception of students in Jakarta metropolitan area towards probiotics. Cross-sectional study was applied to a survey of cultured products (lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented milk, kefir, kombucha, and cultured fruit juices) on three online shops (Shopee, Tokopedia, Blibli) and a respondent survey among 200 university students aged 18–35 years old through Google Forms. The product survey result indicated that LAB-fermented milk was the most widely available. The culture Streptococcus thermophilus were predominantly stated in many products. Most products did not have probiotic claims. In the result of respondent survey, 53% respondents were lack of knowledge regarding probiotics. Knowledge about probiotic definition was mostly known (92%); less than 65% understood the health benefit, product, and handling of probiotics. Students taking life-and-health-science major had better knowledge about probiotics. Most respondents (87%) admitted consuming probiotic/cultured foods, but only few (10%) consumed probiotic supplements. The consumption was mostly taken not routinely. The most common product consumed were fermented skim milk. Majority of respondents’ decision in buying probiotic/cultured products were affected by flavours. Knowledge regarding probiotics were associated to students' major (p<0,05), meanwhile the consumption frequency were significantly related to students’ major (p<0,05) and knowledge about probiotics (p<0,05). Better knowledge was correlated to more frequent probiotic/cultured consumption. The education about probiotics with their health benefits and products may be necessary.