| dc.description.abstract | Nowadays, the processing of sardine fish was as canned fish. The Waste was solid waste and fish oil which discarded and unusable further. However, this waste contains Omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids were considered of essential for normal growth. It might be an important role to in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, hypertension, arthritis, other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cancer (Shahidi et al., 1998). Omega-3 was polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contains long chain carbon double bound. Concentrate omega-3 was done by selective hydrolysis in sn-1 and sn-3 glyceride to produce sn-2 glyceride greatly in omega-3 using enzyme lipase from Aspergillus niger yeast. According Bockisch (1993), in the majority of fish oil triglycerides, PUFAs were bound to the 2-position of the glyceride backbone. Enzymatic hydrolysis was produce acylglycerol from triacylglycerol using water as reactant and enzyme as catalyst. Some studies indicate that PUFA were most promptly absorbed from the intestines when FFA was given orally, were moderately absorbed as acylglycerols and were poorly absorbed as PUFA ethyl ester (Carvalho et al., 2009). Organic solvent hydrofobic could be used as medium in the hydrolysis reaction to increased activity and stability enzyme. Even if, it increased substrat selectivity. Solvent hydrophobic heptane almost used as media to increased activity and stability due to it hydrophobocity at the range 2<log p<4. This research aims to determined reaction factor condition that could produce maximum degree of hydrolysis of fish oil in media without or with added-heptane media. Besides, it determined the correlation between maximum degree of hydrolysis of fish oil and sum amount of omega-3 fatty acid. The step of this research are characterize fish oil, calculate Activity enzyme (unit), and determine correlation between reaction parameter such as temperature, pH, and water addition as basis optimum condition for hydrolysis enzymatic in added-heptane media. Temperature, pH and water content used in this research are 25oC-65oC, 5-9, and 1%-5% respectively. Degree of hydrolysis showed catalytic activity enzyme to the ester bound triacylglycerol. Procedure of this research started with do enzymatic hydrolysis fish oil and do hydrolysis fish oil on the medium heptane. Analysis include acid value, saponification value, and GC MS measurement. Fish oil in this research had acid value and saponification value as much 3,26 and 204,81 respectively. Fish oil contain 34,98% unsaturated fatty acid include omega-3 as big as 1,81%,22,76% saturated fatty acid, alkana (11,19%), aldehid (0,88%), squalene (4,8%) and lanosterol (24,96%). Unit activity from the spectrophotometry measurement was 7939 U/g. Optimum condition according to the enzymatic hydrolysis were pH 5 and 45oC. The degree of this condition was 28,07%. According to the enzymatic hydrolysis in added heptane media, water addition optimum is 1% with the 26,16% degree hydrolysis. By using this optimum condition (pH 5, temperature 45oC, and water addition 1%), enzymatic hydrolysis in organic solvent were done. Heptane used as organic solvent media. According to this 5 research, in every point of temperature, the degree of hydrolysis increased except at 65oC due to denaturation of protein enzyme at 65oC. Temperature optimum for hydrolysis enzymatic in the organic solvent heptane was 25oC. According to the analysis effect pH on the activity resulted decreasing the activity lipase catalyzed or reduction of degree of hydrolysis in every point of pH except in pH 7. Decreasing of lipase activity due to denaturation of enzyme. According to the GC MS measurement, total omega-3 at temperature 45oC pH 5 was 17,51% with degree of hydrolysis 28,07%. At the temperature 45oC and pH 7, total omega-3 and degree of hydrolysis was 16,89% and 6,79% respectively. According to the hydrolysis enzymatic with heptane as medium, at the temperature 45oC, water addition 1%, and pH 5, omega-3 and degree of hydrolysis are 7,14% and 22,56% respectively. But at the temperature 25oC, pH 5 and water addition 1% result in 10,48 % total omega-3 and 23,94% degree of hydrolysis. Generally, hydrolysis enzymatic could purify and enrich omega-3 in the product. | en |
