Kajian Produksi Tanin Bubuk dari Gambir Asalan dengan Pengering Semprot (Spray Dryer)

Abstract

Gambier extract is a product of gambier plant wich is made from leaf gum and twig gambier plant with certain processing. Main compounds of the gambier extract are pseudotanin catechin and catechutannat acid with the percentage of 7-30% and 22-55%. Catechin and tannin in gambier extract can be purified in order to get products wich have high purity. Some researches were done in the purification of gambier extract related to get pure catechin. However, research for the purification of gambir extract to get pure tannin need to be done. Tannin powder was prepared using drying process with spray dryer. The objectives of this study were to get tannin powder from gambier extract with extraction process and to get the best combination treatment for tannin extraction. This study was done by several factor treatments. They were water temperatures (400C, 600C, dan 800C) and ratio of water and gambier extracts (8:1, 10:1, dan 12:1 v/b). Each treatment in the study used 150 gram gambier extracts. Analysis in this research was done for gambier extract and tannin product. Analysis of gambier extract included proximat analysis and tannin content. Some analysis which were done for tannin product consist of tannin content, moisture content, ash content, color test and insolubility in water content material. The results of analysis which have been done on gambier extract as raw material for tannin powder production have moisture content of 12,36% (wet basis), ash content 12,21% (wet basis), fat content 1,61% (wet basis), rough fiber content 6,16% (wet basis), protein content 3,43% (wet basis), and tannin content 38,45% (wet basis). After extraction process, value of tannin content in tannin product (dry basis) has value from 83% to 98%. Yield of tannin product (dry basis) from purification process has a range value from 16% to 42%. Tannin powder product which were dried by spray dryer has moisture content value (dry basis) between 4% and 6,06%, ash content (dry basis) from 85% to 5,17%, and water insoluble material (dry basis) from 2.99% to 4.43%. Tannin product on color test has hoe degree with average 79.82 which shows yellow color spectrum. Whiteness of tannin product has value between 69.20% and 77.96%. Based on the results, increasing ratio of total water and gambier extract increased yield and tannin content in the product. Generally, increasing temperature of water on tannin extraction increased tannin content in the product. Tannin content and the content of water insoluble material showed the purity level of tannin product. The lower grade of water insoluble material showed smaller value of non tannin material and showed product with better purity. Drying process which used spray dryer could produce tannin powder with uniform grain size. Stability of temperature in drying process could give effects to the preparation of tannin powder like mousiture content and whiteness value. Based on the analysis of variance at α = 0.05, factor of total water and gambier extract ratio did not affect significantly to the value of tannin content, 6 moisture content, ash content, whiteness, and water insoluble material content but it gave significantly effects for the yield value of tannin product. Solvent temperature factor of treatment did not give significantly effects to the value of all test parameters. Interaction between solvent temperature and ratio of total water and gambier extract factor influenced unsignificantly on the value of tannin content, moisture content, ash content, and content of water insoluble material. However, it gave significantly effect for the yield value and the whiteness value of tannin product. The treatment which produces the best quality tannin product has relations with process efficiency and quality of tannin. The best treatment which produces high quality tannin product is extracted with water temperature 800C and ratio of the total water with gambier extraxt 12:1 (v/b). That treatment produces tannin product wich has value of tannin content 98.62% (dry basis), yield 41.79% (dry basis), moisture content 4.85% (dry basis), ash content 4.04% (dry basis), whiteness 71,73%, and water insoluble material content 3.72% (dry basis).