EEfektivitas Fitoremediasi sebagai Pengolahan Lanjutan Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Paspalum notatum dan Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant

Abstract

Pencemaran tanah akibat minyak bumi dapat menurunkan kualitas tanah dan menghambat aktivitas biologis sehingga diperlukan metode pengolahan lanjutan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas fitoremediasi menggunakan Paspalum notatum dengan aplikasi Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) sebagai post-treatment dalam menurunkan kadar Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) pada tanah tercemar minyak bumi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua iterasi menggunakan tanah dengan konsentrasi TPH awal sebesar 0,1% dan 0,5%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar TPH, pertumbuhan tanaman, pH, suhu, kadar air tanah, dan respons anatomi batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Bio-OSD berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar TPH, sedangkan posisi pengambilan sampel dekat perakaran menunjukkan kadar TPH yang lebih rendah dibandingkan daerah yang lebih jauh dari akar. Kombinasi Paspalum notatum dan Bio-OSD menghasilkan persentase degradasi TPH tertinggi pada kedua konsentrasi TPH awal. Modifikasi sistem melalui penambahan pupuk kandang kambing dan peningkatan jumlah Paspalum notatum pada Iterasi 2 menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan degradasi TPH pada sebagian besar perlakuan, meskipun tidak konsisten pada seluruh perlakuan. Paspalum notatum tetap mampu tumbuh pada media tercemar meskipun menunjukkan respons cekaman pada beberapa perlakuan. Sistem ini berpotensi diterapkan sebagai pengolahan lanjutan tanah tercemar minyak bumi.

Oil contamination in soil can reduce soil quality and biological activity, necessitating an effective post-treatment approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoremediation using Paspalum notatum with the application of Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) as a post-treatment for reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in oil-contaminated soil. The study was conducted through two iterations using soil with initial TPH concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5%. The observed parameters included TPH concentration, plant growth, soil pH, temperature, soil moisture content, and stem anatomical responses. The results showed that Bio-OSD application significantly affected TPH reduction, while samples collected near the root zone had lower TPH concentrations than those collected farther from the roots. The combination of Paspalum notatum and Bio-OSD resulted in the highest TPH degradation percentages at both initial TPH concentrations. Modification of the system through the addition of goat manure and an increased number of Paspalum notatum plants in Iteration 2 showed a tendency toward greater TPH degradation in most treatments, although the increase was not consistent across all treatments. Paspalum notatum remained capable of growing in contaminated soil, although stress responses were observed under several treatments. The system has potential for application as a post-treatment technology for oil-contaminated soil.