Efektivitas Fitoremediasi sebagai Pengolahan Lanjutan Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Vetiveria zizanioides L. dan Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant

Abstract

Pencemaran tanah oleh minyak bumi memerlukan teknologi remediasi yang efektif, dengan fitoremediasi berperan sebagai tahap pengolahan lanjutan untuk menurunkan residu hidrokarbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas tahap fitoremediasi menggunakan Vetiveria zizanioides L. dan Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) terhadap penurunan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). Penelitian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium melalui dua iterasi dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak bumi 0,1% dan 0,5%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi TPH, pertumbuhan tanaman, pH, suhu, kadar air basis kering, dan respons mikroskopis tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Bio-OSD dan optimasi sistem meningkatkan penurunan TPH serta pertumbuhan tanaman. Nilai TPH di daerah dekat perakaran lebih rendah dibandingkan daerah yang lebih jauh dari akar. Kombinasi Vetiveria zizanioides L., Bio-OSD, dan pupuk kandang berpotensi diterapkan sebagai tahap pengolahan lanjutan tanah tercemar minyak bumi.

Petroleum-contaminated soil requires effective remediation technologies, with phytoremediation serving as a post-treatment stage to reduce residual hydrocarbons. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the phytoremediation stage using Vetiveria zizanioides L. and Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD) in reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The study was conducted at the laboratory scale through two iterations using petroleum contamination levels of 0.1% and 0.5%. The observed parameters included TPH, plant growth, soil pH, soil temperature, dry-basis soil moisture content, and the microscopic response of the plants. The results showed that Bio-OSD application and system optimization enhanced TPH reduction and plant growth. In addition, TPH concentrations were lower in soil samples collected near the root zone than in those collected farther from the roots. The combination of Vetiveria zizanioides L., Bio-OSD, and cattle manure has the potential to be applied as a post-treatment stage for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.