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      Evaluasi Profil Metabolomik dan Fermentasi Rumen In Vitro Teh dan Herbal sebagai Bahan Pakan Potensial

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Fiorella, Sri Ardya
      Laconi, Erika Budiarti
      Jayanegara, Anuraga
      Anggraeni, Ayu Septi
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      Abstract
      Pengembangan sumber bahan pakan yang berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi ternak ruminansia melalui pemanfaatan limbah agroindustri dan hasil samping pengolahan pangan sebagai bahan pakan bernilai tambah. Di antara berbagai hasil samping berbasis tanaman, teh (Camellia sinensis) serta tanaman herbal, yaitu rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa), telang (Clitoria ternatea), dan melati (Jasminum sambac), mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memberikan nilai fungsional sebagai bahan pakan ruminansia. Namun, proses penyeduhan menyebabkan perubahan komposisi nutrien dan profil metabolit sehingga implikasinya terhadap karakteristik fermentasi rumen belum dipahami secara komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh proses penyeduhan terhadap komposisi nutrien, aktivitas antioksidan, profil metabolomik, dan karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro pada teh dan tanaman herbal, serta mengevaluasi potensi ampas seduhan sebagai bahan pakan potensial bagi ternak ruminansia. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 × 2 dengan lima ulangan. Faktor yang diuji terdiri atas empat spesies tanaman, yaitu Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clitoria ternatea, dan Jasminum sambac, serta dua bentuk bahan, yaitu segar dan ampas seduhan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi komposisi nutrien, aktivitas antioksidan, profil metabolomik menggunakan pendekatan untargeted liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), serta karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyeduhan meningkatkan proporsi fraksi serat serta menurunkan kandungan fenolik total, flavonoid total, dan aktivitas antioksidan secara nyata (P<0,001). Analisis metabolomik menunjukkan bahwa variasi profil metabolit lebih dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan spesies dibandingkan proses penyeduhan. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), katekin, myricetin 3-O-galaktosida, theogallin, dan theobromine diidentifikasi sebagai metabolit pembeda utama yang berasosiasi dengan kandungan fenolik total, flavonoid total, dan kapasitas antioksidan. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dipengaruhi oleh spesies tanaman dan kondisi bahan (P<0,05). Produksi metana berkisar antara 4,95–29,80 mL g?¹ bahan kering, dengan Camellia sinensis menghasilkan produksi metana terendah. Kandungan fenolik total dan flavonoid total berkorelasi negatif dengan produksi metana, sedangkan produksi metana berkorelasi positif dengan kecernaan bahan dan produk akhir fermentasi. Proses penyeduhan menurunkan sebagian kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan, ampas teh dan tanaman herbal masih mempertahankan metabolit bioaktif utama serta karakteristik fermentasi rumen yang mendukung potensinya sebagai bahan pakan potensial bagi ternak ruminansia.
       
      The development of sustainable feed resources through the utilization of agro industrial by-products and food processing residues is an important strategy to improve the efficiency of ruminant production systems. Tea (Camellia sinensis) and herbal plants, including roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), and jasmine (Jasminum sambac), contain diverse secondary metabolites that may provide functional value as ruminant feed resources. However, the brewing process alters nutrient composition and metabolite profiles, and its implications for rumen fermentation characteristics remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the brewing process on nutrient composition, antioxidant activity, metabolomic profiles, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of tea and herbal plants, as well as to evaluate the potential of spent tea and herbal residues as promising feed resources for ruminants. A 4 × 2 factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications was employed. The experimental factors consisted of four plant species (Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clitoria ternatea, and Jasminum sambac) and two sample forms (fresh and spent residues). The evaluated parameters included nutrient composition, antioxidant activity, metabolomic profiling using an untargeted liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) approach, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. The brewing process increased fiber fractions while significantly reducing total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity (P<0.001). Metabolomic analysis revealed that metabolite variation was influenced more by plant species than by the brewing process. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, theogallin, and theobromine were identified as the major discriminatory metabolites associated with total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were significantly affected by plant species and sample form (P<0.05). Methane production ranged from 4.95 to 29.80 mL g?¹ dry matter, with Camellia sinensis producing the lowest methane emission. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were negatively correlated with methane production, whereas methane production was positively correlated with digestibility and fermentation end products. Although the brewing process reduced the concentrations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, spent tea and herbal residues retained their major bioactive metabolites and favorable rumen fermentation characteristics, supporting their potential as promising feed resources for ruminants.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179298
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      • MF - Animal Science [1366]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository