Pembagian Peran, Pengambilan Keputusan Berutang pada Bank Emok dan Pembelanjaannya, serta Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Keluarga Petani

Abstract

Kerentanan ekonomi pada keluarga petani sering kali memicu ketergantungan terhadap pembiayaan informal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembagian peran gender, pengambilan keputusan berutang pada bank emok dan pembelanjaannya, serta tingkat kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga petani. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional study pada 60 keluarga petani di Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan pinjaman darurat sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh pihak istri, sejalan dengan sasaran utama skema bank emok bagi ibu rumah tangga. Pembagian peran gender terpisah secara tegas, di mana ranah domestik didominasi oleh istri, ranah publik didominasi oleh suami, dan ranah sosial dilakukan bersama. Pengambilan keputusan berutang dan pembelanjaan harian juga didominasi secara tunggal oleh istri. Tingginya porsi pendapatan yang dialokasikan untuk cicilan utang berbunga tinggi menyebabkan sumber daya keuangan tidak dapat terakumulasi, sehingga mayoritas keluarga berada pada kategori kesejahteraan ekonomi rendah hingga sedang.

Economic vulnerability among farmer families frequently leads to reliance on informal financing to cover daily living expenses. This study aims to analyze gender role sharing, decision-making regarding to Emok bank debt and spending, as well as the level of economic well-being of farmer families. The study employed a cross-sectional study design involving 60 farmer families in Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that the utilization of emergency loans was conducted entirely by wives, aligning with the primary target of the emok bank scheme, which focuses on housewives. Gender role sharing was distinctly separated, where the domestic sphere was dominated by wives, the public sphere was dominated by husbands, and the social sphere was conducted jointly. Decision-making concerning debt and daily spending was also uniquely dominated by wives. The high proportion of income allocated to high-interest debt installments prevented financial resources from accumulating, resulting in the majority of families falling into the low-to-moderate economic well-being category.