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      Perancangan Biofilter sebagai Unit Pasca-Pengolahan untuk Pengendalian Emisi Asap Penyangraian Biji Kopi

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Skripsi
      Subtype
      Undergraduate Theses
      Author
      Safitri, Lili Meilia
      Rusli, Meika Syahbana
      Romli, Muhammad
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      Abstract
      Emisi asap penyangraian biji kopi mengandung volatile organic compounds (VOC), karbon monoksida (CO), dan senyawa penyebab bau yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas udara. Penggunaan wet scrubber sebagai unit praperlakuan mampu menurunkan suhu gas dan menyisihkan sebagian polutan, namun belum efektif menghilangkan senyawa gas secara optimal sehingga diperlukan unit pengolahan lanjutan (polishing unit). Proyek ini bertujuan merancang biofilter sebagai unit pascapengolahan untuk penyisihan VOC dan senyawa penyebab bau pada emisi penyangraian biji kopi, merealisasikan hasil perancangan dalam bentuk prototipe skala laboratorium, serta mengevaluasi kinerja awal biofilter berdasarkan penurunan konsentrasi VOC dan CO. Biofilter dirancang secara teoritis untuk mesin penyangrai berkapasitas 5 kg/batch dengan debit gas 200 m³/jam, menghasilkan spesifikasi reaktor berukuran 1,43 m × 1,43 m × 2,00 m, volume media 2,0361 m³, dan Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) 37,02 detik menggunakan media hibrida sekam bakar, serbuk gergaji, kompos (5:3:2), dan batu apung sebagai lapisan penyangga. Validasi konsep dilakukan menggunakan prototipe skala laboratorium (drum HDPE 150 L; EBRT 7,15 detik) pada beban penyangraian 500 g dan 1.250 g. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biofilter mampu menurunkan konsentrasi VOC dari 0,65 ± 0,03 ppm menjadi 0,29 ± 0,04 ppm (efisiensi 55,38%) pada beban 500 g, dan dari 2,19 ± 0,01 ppm menjadi 0,38 ± 0,02 ppm (efisiensi 82,65%) pada beban 1.250 g. Efisiensi penyisihan CO masing-masing mencapai 62,24% dan 92,60%. Hasil ini mengonfirmasi bahwa konfigurasi media hibrida dan strategi inokulasi activated sludge + EM4 layak secara teknis sebagai proof of concept unit pasca-pengolahan. Meskipun demikian, kinerja pada kapasitas desain 5 kg/batch belum dapat diklaim tercapai dan memerlukan validasi lebih lanjut pada skala penuh dengan pengukuran parameter kinetik biologis dan neraca massa yang komprehensif. Coffee bean roasting exhaust emissions contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and odor-causing compounds that may contribute to air pollution. Although a wet scrubber can reduce exhaust gas temperature and remove part of the pollutants, it is generally insufficient for eliminating gaseous contaminants effectively, making an additional polishing unit necessary. This project aimed to design a biofilter as a post-treatment unit for removing VOCs and odor-causing compounds from coffee roasting emissions, develop a laboratoryscale prototype based on the proposed design, and evaluate its preliminary performance through the reduction of VOC and CO concentrations. The biofilter was theoretically designed for a coffee roaster with a capacity of 5 kg per batch and a gas flow rate of 200 m³/h, resulting in a reactor measuring 1.43 m × 1.43 m × 2.00 m with a media volume of 2.0361 m³, an Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) of 37.02 s, a True Bed Residence Time (TBRT) of 14.07 s, and a Surface Loading Rate (SLR) of 98.22 m³/m²·h. The biofilter medium consisted of rice husk charcoal, sawdust, and compost mixed at a volumetric ratio of 5:3:2, supported by a pumice stone layer. The design was verified through the fabrication of a laboratory-scale prototype using a 150 L HDPE drum while maintaining the proposed flow configuration and operating principles. Performance evaluation was conducted at roasting capacities of 500 g and 1,250 g using wet scrubber outlet gas as the biofilter inlet. At the 500 g capacity, the biofilter reduced VOC concentration from 0.65 ± 0.03 ppm to 0.29 ± 0.04 ppm with a removal efficiency of 55.38%, while CO concentration decreased from 9.80 ± 0.50 ppm to 3.70 ± 0.40 ppm with a removal efficiency of 62.24%. At the 1,250 g capacity, removal efficiencies increased to 82.65% for VOC and 92.60% for CO. These results confirm that the hybrid media configuration and activated sludge + EM4 inoculation strategy are technically feasible as a proof of concept for a post-treatment unit. However, performance at the full 5 kg/batch design capacity has not yet been validated and requires further testing with comprehensive biological kinetic measurements and mass balance analysis before implementation.
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178851
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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