Perancangan Tata Letak Dapur dan Penanganan Bahan pada Unit Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi Berbasis Kapasitas

Abstract

Sistem Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) memerlukan Unit Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) yang mampu memproduksi makanan dalam jumlah besar secara efektif, efisien, dan memenuhi prinsip keamanan pangan. Tata letak fasilitas dan sistem penanganan bahan menjadi faktor penting untuk menjamin kelancaran aliran proses serta mencegah terjadinya crossing process. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang tata letak dapur dan sistem penanganan bahan pada Unit SPPG berkapasitas 3.000 porsi per hari. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada Engineering Design Process yang meliputi eksplorasi, pendefinisian masalah, ideasi, pengembangan desain, dan verifikasi. Perancangan tata letak dilakukan menggunakan Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) melalui penyusunan Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD), analisis kebutuhan ruang, pengembangan block layout menggunakan BLOCPLAN, serta pemilihan alternatif terbaik. Rancangan terpilih dikembangkan menjadi detail layout yang mencakup workstation, jalur perpindahan material, dan fasilitas pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata letak berbentuk U-layout menerapkan prinsip one-way flow, menghilangkan crossing process, serta meningkatkan efisiensi perpindahan bahan. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa rancangan memenuhi seluruh kriteria desain sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengembangan fasilitas SPPG untuk mendukung penyelenggaraan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis.

The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program requires Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG) capable of producing large quantities of meals efficiently while complying with food safety principles. This study aimed to design the facility layout and material handling system of an SPPG with a production capacity of 3,000 meals per day. The study adopted the Engineering Design Process, consisting of exploration, problem definition, ideation, design development, and verification. Facility layout planning employed the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method, including the development of an Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD), capacity-based space requirement analysis, block layout generation using BLOCPLAN, and alternative selection. The selected design was further developed into a detailed layout incorporating workstation arrangement, material flow paths, and supporting facilities. The resulting U-shaped layout implements the one-way flow principle, eliminates process crossing, and improves material movement efficiency. Design verification confirmed that the proposed layout satisfied all established design criteria, demonstrating its suitability as a reference for developing SPPG facilities to support the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program.