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      Karakterisasi Teripang Pasir dan Hidrolisat Protein yang Dihasilkan Secara Enzimatis

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Ansami, Ahmad Ali
      Nurilmala, Mala
      Nurhayati, Tati
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      Abstract
      Holothuria scabra memiliki kadar protein tinggi dan kadar lemak rendah, dengan profil asam amino yang didominasi oleh glisin serta asam glutamat. Namun, jaringan ikat H. scabra sangat kuat sehingga sulit dicerna oleh tubuh. Hidrolisis enzimatis mampu memecah jaringan ikat tersebut sekaligus memunculkan aktivitas bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi bahan baku dan hidrolisat yang dihasilkan melalui proses hidrolisis enzim alkalase dan bromelin pada taraf 1% dan 3% pada suhu 55 °C selama 4 jam, dilanjutkan inaktivasi enzim pada suhu 85 °C selama 25 menit. Karakterisasi H. scabra kering mencakup analisis proksimat, profil asam amino, serta profil asam lemak, sedangkan parameter hidrolisat mencakup bobot molekul, aktivitas antioksidan, dan derajat hidrolisis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa bahan baku didominasi oleh kadar abu sebesar 49%, asam glutamat 7%, serta asam lemak jenis PUFA. Hidrolisat teripang menghasilkan bobot molekul rata-rata di bawah 1,06 kDa dan derajat hidrolisis rata-rata sebesar 45%. Kapasitas antioksidan FRAP terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan alkalase 3% yaitu sebesar 61,42 ± 0,41 µM/g Trolox, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan IC50 terbaik dihasilkan oleh alkalase 1% sebesar 64,08 ± 1,83%. Hasil ini mengindikasikan potensi hidrolisat teripang pasir sebagai bahan baku pengembangan produk pangan fungsional berbasis sumber daya hayati laut yang memiliki nilai tambah serta mutu sangat tinggi.
       
      Holothuria scabra has a high protein and low fat content, with an amino acid profile dominated by glycine and glutamic acid. However, the connective tissue of H. scabra is very strong, making it difficult for the body to digest. Enzymatic hydrolysis is capable of breaking down this tough connective tissue while simultaneously generating bioactive activities. This study aimed to hydrolyze H. scabra using alcalase and bromelain enzymes at concentrations of 1% and 3% at 55 °C for 4 hours, followed by enzyme inactivation at 85 °C for 25 minutes. Characterization of dried H. scabra included proximate analysis, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile, whereas the hydrolysate parameters covered molecular weight, antioxidant activity, and degree of hydrolysis. The test results showed that the raw material is dominated by an ash content of 49%, glutamic acid at 7%, and PUFA-type fatty acids. The sea cucumber hydrolysate yielded an average molecular weight below 1,06 kDa and an average degree of hydrolysis of 45%. The best FRAP antioxidant capacity was obtained from the 3% alcalase treatment at 61.42 ± 0.41 µM/g Trolox, while the best IC50 antioxidant activity was produced by 1% alcalase at 64.08 ± 1.83%. These results demonstrate the potential of sandfish hydrolysate as a raw material for developing functional food products based on marine bioresources with high added value and superior quality.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178416
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