Kesejahteraan Subjektif Remaja di Perdesaan: Peran Kelekatan Ibu-Anak, Stres Akademik, Dukungan Sosial, Dan Keterlibatan Sosial

Abstract

Kesejahteraan subjektif remaja menghadapi tantangan akibat tingginya stres akademik serta dinamika relasi sosial dan keluarga, yang dapat diperberat oleh kondisi lingkungan yang jauh dari fasilitas memadai, seperti di wilayah perdesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kelekatan ibu-anak, stres akademik, dukungan sosial, dan keterlibatan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif remaja di perdesaan. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan pada 202 siswa SMP di Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner pelaporan diri dan dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel, SPSS versi 27.0, serta Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan aplikasi SmartPLS 3. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelekatan ibu-anak berpengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap seluruh komponen kesejahteraan subjektif, yaitu afek positif, afek negatif, kepuasan hidup, dan keterlibatan sosial, sehingga menjadi prediktor paling konsisten dalam model. Stres akademik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap afek positif dan afek negatif, tetapi tidak terhadap kepuasan hidup maupun keterlibatan sosial. Dukungan sosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap afek positif, kepuasan hidup, dan keterlibatan sosial, namun tidak terhadap afek negatif. Sementara itu, keterlibatan sosial tidak terbukti berpengaruh langsung terhadap ketiga komponen kesejahteraan subjektif, dan tidak berperan sebagai mediator yang signifikan dalam hubungan antara kelekatan ibu-anak, stres akademik, maupun dukungan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Dengan demikian, kelekatan ibu-anak dan dukungan sosial terbukti sebagai faktor pelindung utama kesejahteraan subjektif remaja di Kecamatan Pamijahan, sedangkan keterlibatan sosial belum menunjukkan kontribusi yang berarti dalam model yang diuji.

Kata kunci: Bogor, kepuasan hidup, kesejahteraan remaja, keterlibatan sosial, perdesaan

Adolescents’ subjective well-being faces challenges due to high levels of academic stress and the dynamics of social and family relationships, which may be exacerbated by environmental conditions where adequate facilities are lacking, such as in rural areas. This study aims to analyse the influence of mother-child attachment, academic stress, social support and social engagement on the subjective well-being of adolescents in rural areas. A quantitative approach was employed with 202 lower secondary school pupils in Pamijahan Sub-district, Bogor Regency, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analysed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS version 27.0, and Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the SmartPLS 3 application. The results of the analysis indicate that mother-child attachment has a direct and significant effect on all components of subjective well-being, namely positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction and social engagement, making it the most consistent predictor in the model. Academic stress has a significant effect on positive and negative affect, but not on life satisfaction or social engagement. Social support had a significant effect on positive affect, life satisfaction and social engagement, but not on negative affect. Meanwhile, social engagement was not found to have a direct effect on any of the three components of subjective well-being, nor did it act as a significant mediator in the relationship between mother-child attachment, academic stress, or social support and adolescents’ subjective well-being. Consequently, mother-child attachment and social support were found to be the primary protective factors for adolescents’ subjective well-being in Pamijahan Sub-district, whilst social engagement did not demonstrate a significant contribution within the tested model.

Keywords: Bogor, life satisfaction, well-being among adolescents, social engagement, rural areas