Performa Ulat Sutra Eri (Samia cynthia ricini) Generasi Kelima Pada Pemeliharaan Suhu 32-34 °C

Abstract

Industri persutraan alam nasional masih menghadapi tantangan akibat kondisi iklim tropis yang bersuhu relatif tinggi. Ulat sutra eri (Samia cynthia ricini) merupakan jenis ulat sutra yang adaptif terhadap lingkungan tropis, namun informasi mengenai respons per generasi terhadap suhu tinggi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa ulat sutra eri generasi kelima pada suhu 32 – 34 °C. Sebanyak 180 ekor larva dipelihara pada suhu 24 – 26 °C dan 32 – 34 °C dengan tiga ulangan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi panjang, lebar, dan bobot larva, lama fase larva, mortalitas, produktivitas kokon, persentase imago, dan fekunditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu 32 – 34 °C menurunkan pertumbuhan larva, meningkatkan mortalitas instar V, serta menurunkan produksi kokon dan fekunditas. Suhu 32 – 34 °C mempercepat perkembangan larva yang ditunjukkan oleh lebih singkatnya lama fase larva. Ulat sutra eri generasi kelima masih mampu menyelesaikan siklus hidupnya pada suhu 32 – 34 °C.

The national sericulture industry still faces challenges due to the high temperatures typical of tropical climates. The eri silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini), adapted to tropical environments, has limited information on how later generations respond to heat stress. This research investigates the performance of fifth-generation eri silkworms at 32 - 34 °C. A total of 180 larvae were reared under temperatures of 24 – 26 °C and 32 – 34 °C, with three replicates each. Key variables assessed included larval length, width, weight, developmental duration, mortality rate, cocoon yield, adult emergence percentage, and fecundity. The findings show that exposure to 32 – 34 °C negatively impacts larval growth, increases mortality during the fifth instar, and reduces cocoon production and fecundity. Interestingly, these high temperatures also speed up larval development, as indicated by a shortened larval stage. Fifth-generation eri silkworms still completed their life cycle at these elevated temperatures.