Perancangan Operasional dan Tata Letak Pabrik Benang dari Serat Batang Pisang Kepok

Abstract

Batang pisang kepok merupakan limbah pertanian yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku benang tekstil karena memiliki kandungan serat lignoselulosa yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang operasional dan tata letak fasilitas industri benang berbahan baku serat pelepah batang pisang kepok menggunakan metode Systematic Layout Planning (SLP). Perancangan dilakukan melalui analisis Product, Quantity, Routing, Supporting, dan Time (PQRST), analisis keterkaitan aktivitas menggunakan Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), penentuan kebutuhan luas fasilitas, penyusunan Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD), serta evaluasi tata letak menggunakan parameter Material Handling Distance (MHD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri dirancang memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar ±1.070 kg benang per bulan dengan kebutuhan bahan baku sebesar 84.124,45 kg pelepah batang pisang per minggu. Fasilitas produksi terdiri atas dua unit mesin dekortikasi, dua unit bak proses degumming dan bleaching, satu unit mesin carding, dan satu unit mesin automatic rotor spinning yang didukung oleh fasilitas penunjang sesuai kebutuhan proses. Kebutuhan luas ruangan untuk pengolahan benang dari pelepah pisang kepok mencapai 345,5 m2. Penyusunan tata letak menghasilkan dua alternatif layout yang kemudian dievaluasi berdasarkan nilai MHD. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa alternatif tata letak kedua memiliki nilai MHD sebesar 1.035.443,35 kg.m, lebih rendah dibandingkan alternatif pertama sebesar 1.048.568,28 kg.m, sehingga dipilih sebagai tata letak yang lebih efisien dalam meminimalkan usaha perpindahan material selama proses produksi. Rancangan operasional dan tata letak yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan industri benang berbahan baku serat pelepah batang pisang kepok secara efektif dan berkelanjutan.

Kepok banana pseudostem is an agricultural residue with considerable potential as a raw material for textile yarn due to its high lignocellulosic fiber content. This study aimed to design the operational system and facility layout of a textile yarn industry utilizing kepok banana pseudostem fiber through the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) approach. The design process involved Product, Quantity, Routing, Supporting, and Time (PQRST) analysis, activity relationship analysis using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), determination of facility space requirements, development of the Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD), and layout evaluation using the Material Handling Distance (MHD) parameter. The results showed that the proposed industry has a production capacity of approximately 1,070 kg of yarn per month, requiring 84,124.45 kg of banana pseudostem per week as raw material. The production facilities consist of two decortication machines, two degumming and bleaching process tanks, one carding machine, and one automatic rotor spinning machine, supported by auxiliary facilities according to process requirements. The required floor area for the processing of banana pseudostem fibers into yarn reaches 345.5 m². The facility layout design generated two alternative layouts, which were subsequently evaluated based on their MHD values. The evaluation indicated that the second layout alternative achieved an MHD value of 1,035,443.35 kg·m, which was lower than that of the first alternative (1,048,568.28 kg·m). Therefore, the second alternative was selected as the preferred layout because it minimized the material handling effort throughout the production process. The proposed operational design and facility layout are expected to serve as a reference for the development of an efficient and sustainable textile yarn industry based on kepok banana pseudostem fiber.