Formulasi Endospora Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 sebagai Agen Bioremediasi dalam Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant pada Proses Pemulihan Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi

Abstract

Pencemaran tanah akibat tumpahan minyak bumi merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang memerlukan teknologi remediasi yang efektif, ramah lingkungan, dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan endospora Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 ke dalam Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD), mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam menurunkan kadar Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), mengkaji viabilitas endospora selama proses bioremediasi, serta mengevaluasi kondisi lingkungan yang memengaruhi kinerja remediasi. Penelitian meliputi produksi endospora, formulasi ke dalam Bio-OSD, simulasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi dengan tingkat cemaran 0,5% dan 2% (b/b), serta aplikasi Bio-OSD pada media yang diperkaya tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bulking agent dan pupuk kandang sebagai sumber nutrien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bio-OSD terformulasi endospora mampu meningkatkan efektivitas bioremediasi dibandingkan kontrol, dengan efisiensi penurunan TPH mencapai 95,6% pada tanah tercemar 0,5% dan 81,25% pada tanah tercemar 2%. Viabilitas B. pseudomycoides RAY21 tetap terjaga pada kisaran 107 CFU/g tanah selama proses remediasi, didukung oleh kondisi suhu 28–30°C, pH 6,5–7,0, dan kadar air di atas 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi endospora B. pseudomycoides RAY21 dalam Bio-OSD berpotensi menjadi teknologi bioremediasi yang efektif untuk pemulihan tanah tercemar minyak bumi.

Petroleum-contaminated soil is a major environmental issue that requires effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable remediation technologies. This study aimed to formulate Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores into a Bio Oil Spill Dispersant (Bio-OSD), evaluate its effectiveness in reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations, assess endospore viability during the bioremediation process, and evaluate environmental conditions affecting remediation performance. The study involved endospore production, formulation into Bio-OSD, laboratory simulation of petroleum-contaminated soil with contamination levels of 0.5% and 2% (w/w), and application of the formulated Bio OSD to soil amended with oil palm empty fruit bunches as a bulking agent and cattle manure as a nutrient source. The results showed that the formulated Bio-OSD enhanced bioremediation performance compared with the control, achieving TPH removal efficiencies of 95.6% in soil contaminated with 0.5% petroleum and 81.25% in soil contaminated with 2% petroleum. The viability of B. pseudomycoides RAY21 remained stable at approximately 107 CFU/g of soil throughout the remediation process under environmental conditions of 28–30°C, pH 6.5–7.0, and moisture content above 20%. These findings indicate that Bio-OSD formulated with B. pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores has strong potential as an effective bioremediation technology for the restoration of petroleum-contaminated soils.