Gaya Pengasuhan, Religiositas, Dukungan Sosial, Keterlibatan Sosial, dan Kesejahteraan Subjektif pada Remaja di Perdesaan

Abstract

Kesejahteraan subjektif remaja menjadi isu penting karena tingkat kebahagiaan remaja di Indonesia relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok dewasa dan disertai berbagai masalah kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan, religiositas, dukungan sosial, dan keterlibatan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksplanatori pada 206 siswa SMP di Kecamatan Pamijahan yang dipilih melalui cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia remaja berhubungan positif signifikan dengan gaya pengasuhan otoriter dan dimensi kepuasan hidup. Jenis kelamin berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan gaya pengasuhan otoriter dan permisif, tetapi positif signifikan dengan keterlibatan sosial. Selain itu, pendidikan ayah dan pendapatan keluarga berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan gaya pengasuhan permisif, sedangkan usia ibu berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan dimensi kepuasan hidup. Gaya pengasuhan otoriter, dukungan sosial, dan keterlibatan sosial berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap dimensi kepuasan hidup. Gaya pengasuhan otoriter juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap dimensi afek positif-negatif, sedangkan religiositas tidak menunjukkan pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap kedua dimensi kesejahteraan subjektif.

Adolescent subjective well-being is an important issue, as the level of happiness among Indonesian adolescents is relatively lower than that of adults and is accompanied by various mental health problems. This study aimed to examine the effects of parenting styles, religiosity, social support, and social engagement on adolescents’ subjective well-being. The study employed an explanatory research design involving 206 junior high school students in Pamijahan District selected through cluster sampling. The results showed that adolescents’ age was positively and significantly associated with authoritarian parenting and the life satisfaction dimension. Gender was negatively and significantly associated with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, but positively and significantly associated with social engagement. In addition, fathers’ educational level and family income were negatively and significantly associated with permissive parenting, while mothers’ age was negatively and significantly associated with the life satisfaction dimension. Authoritarian parenting, social support, and social engagement had significant positive effects on the life satisfaction dimension. Authoritarian parenting also had a significant effect on the positive-negative affect dimension, whereas religiosity did not show a significant effect on either dimension of subjective well-being.