Perancangan Sistem Pencatatan Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Berbasis Blockchain dengan Otomatisasi Mass Balance dan Sustainability Value

Abstract

Pencampuran Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) dengan Conventional Aviation Fuel pada rantai pasok menyebabkan atribut keberlanjutan SAF tidak dapat ditelusuri secara fisik sehingga diperlukan pendekatan pencatatan mass balance. Pencatatan mass balance di PT Pertamina Patra Niaga saat ini masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga rentan human error, kondisi co-mingling multi-batch, dan tidak memiliki mekanisme pencatatan yang immutable. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model matematis mass balance pada lima tahap rantai pasok SAF beserta validasinya melalui simulasi numerik, merancang algoritma alokasi First In First Out (FIFO) untuk co-mingling multi-batch, merumuskan algoritma sustainability value berbasis metodologi Well-to-Wake (WTW), serta mengimplementasikan seluruh algoritma pada modul backend yang terintegrasi dengan jaringan blockchain permissioned Hyperledger Fabric melalui fungsi chaincode sebagai lapisan pencatatan akhir yang immutable. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan desain keteknikan meliputi fase eksplorasi, pendefinisian data, ideasi, pengembangan prototipe, dan validasi. Simulasi numerik terhadap dua batch berbeda volume menunjukkan propagasi volume dan distribusi losses konsisten dengan formulasi yang dirancang, termasuk pada kondisi akumulasi dua batch dalam satu tangki terminal. Arsitektur sistem menerapkan empat lapisan dengan pola on-chain/off-chain serta kendali akses berbasis peran melalui identitas X.509. Validasi melalui Black Box Testing terhadap 11 skenario menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian 100% menggunakan Postman, dengan persentase pengurangan emisi pada dua kombinasi feedstock-pathway melampaui ambang batas minimum CORSIA sebesar 10%. Hasil ini menunjukkan algoritma otomatisasi mass balance dan sustainability value berbasis blockchain mampu menggantikan pencatatan manual dengan akurasi dan ketertelusuran lebih tinggi, meskipun pengujian masih pada tahap prototipe menggunakan data simulasi.

The blending of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) with Conventional Aviation Fuel in the supply chain causes SAF attributes to be physically untraceable, necessitating a mass balance recording approach. Mass balance recording at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga is currently still done manually, making it prone to human error, multi-batch co-mingling conditions, and lacking an immutable recording mechanism. This study aims to establish a mathematical model of mass balance at five stages of the SAF supply chain and validate it through numerical simulations, design a First In First Out (FIFO) allocation algorithm to combine multi-batches, design a value sustainability algorithm based on the Well-to-Wake (WTW) methodology, and implement all algorithms in a backend module integrated with the Hyperledger Fabric permissioned blockchain network through chaincode functions as an immutable final layer. The study uses an engineering design approach including the stages of exploration, data definition, ideation, prototype development, and validation. Numerical simulations of two batches of different volumes show that the propagation volume and loss distribution are consistent with the designed formulation, including the condition of the accumulation of two batches in one terminal tank. The system architecture implements four layers with an on-chain/off-chain pattern and role-based access control through X.509 identities. Validation through Black Box Testing of 11 scenarios showed a 100% compliance rate using Postman, with emission reductions in two feedstock-pathway combinations exceeding the CORSIA minimum limit of 10%. These results demonstrate that the blockchain-based mass balance automation and sustainability value algorithm can replace manual record-keeping with higher accuracy and traceability, although testing is still at the prototype stage using simulated data.