Perancangan Teknologi Pengolahan Serat Batang Pisang Kepok Menjadi Benang Tekstil

Abstract

Produksi pisang Indonesia mencapai 9,23 juta ton tahun 2025 sehingga menghasilkan limbah batang semu yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian bertujuan merancang teknologi pengolahan serat batang pisang kepok menjadi benang tekstil melalui proses degumming bleaching, dan mengevaluasi karakteristik serat. Penelitian dilakukan skala laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial, variasi posisi batang semu, lapisan, metode pencucian, dan konsentrasi NaOH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen serat kering sebesar 0,64%. Perlakuan NaOH 15% menghasilkan kuat tarik serat tertinggi (602,6 MPa), kadar selulosa 71,11%, dan kadar lignin 9,23%. Setelah bleaching, kuat tarik serat meningkat menjadi 751–828 MPa dengan kehalusan 5,98–6,42 tex. Benang yang dihasilkan memiliki kuat tarik 911–1072 MPa. Analisis FTIR-ATR mengonfirmasi penurunan hemiselulosa dan lignin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serat batang semu pisang kepok berpotensi sebagai bahan baku benang tekstil berkelanjutan.

Indonesia produced 9.23 million tons of bananas in 2025, generating large quantities of underutilized banana pseudostem waste. This study aimed to develop a processing technology for converting kepok banana pseudostem fiber into textile yarn and to evaluate its properties. A laboratory-scale factorial experiment was conducted using variations in pseudostem position, layer, washing method, and NaOH concentration during the degumming process, followed by H2O2 bleaching. The results showed a dry fiber yield of 0.64%. Degumming with 15% NaOH produced the highest fiber tensile strength (602.6 MPa), cellulose content (71.11%), and lignin content of 9.23%. Bleaching increased the fiber tensile strength to 751–828 MPa with a fineness of 5.98–6.42 tex. The resulting yarn exhibited a tensile strength of 911–1072 MPa. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. These findings demonstrate that kepok banana pseudostem fiber has strong potential as a sustainable raw material for textile yarn production