Pengaruh Kerentanan Keluarga dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kualitas Perkawinan Single Earner dan Dual Earner

Abstract

Pergeseran pola nafkah menjadi single earner dan dual earner membawa tantangan tersendiri bagi stabilitas dan keberlangsungan kehidupan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, kerentanan keluarga, dan dukungan sosial terhadap kualitas perkawinan pada single earner dan dual earner. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional study terhadap 95 orang istri dari keluarga utuh, yang terdiri atas 53 single earner dan 42 dual earner di Kelurahan Cimahpar, Kota Bogor, dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif, independent simple t-test, korelasi Pearson, dan regresi linear berganda dengan backward method. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa suami dan istri pada kedua kelompok umunya berada pada kategori usia dewasa muda hingga dewasa madya dengan mayoritas berpendidikan hingga SMA. Sebagian besar keluarga pada kedua kelompok memiliki tingkat kerentanan keluarga yang tergolong sangat rendah serta tingkat dukungan sosial dan kualitas perkawinan pada kategori sedang. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada karakteristik keluarga, kerentanan keluarga, dukungan sosial, maupun kualitas perkawinan antara single earner dan dual earner. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa lama pendidikan suami, lama pendidikan istri, dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan kerentanan keluarga, sedangkan lama pendidikan suami dan istri berhubungan positif signifikan dengan kualitas perkawinan. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perkawinan meningkat seiring meningkatnya lama pendidikan suami, tetapi menurun seiring meningkatnya kerentanan keluarga. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas keluarga dalam mengurangi kerentanan serta peningkatan kualitas hubungan suami istri untuk mendukung kualitas perkawinan yang lebih baik.

The shift in livelihood patterns to single earners and dual earners brings its own challenges for the stability and sustainability of family life. This study aims to analyze the influence of family characteristics, family vulnerability, and social support on the quality of marriage in single earners and dual earners. The study used a cross-sectional study design on 95 wives from whole families, consisting of 53 single earners and 42 dual earners in Cimahpar Village, Bogor City, using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis, independent simple t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with

the backward method. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that husbands and wives in both groups generally felt in the young to middle adult age category with the majority educated up to high school. Most families in both groups had very low levels of family vulnerability as well as moderate levels of social support and marital quality. The results of the differential test showed that there were no significant differences in family characteristics, family vulnerability, social support, and marital quality between single earners and dual earners. The results of the correlation test showed that the length of the husband's education, the length of the wife's education, and the income per capita were significantly negatively related to family vulnerability, while the length of education of the husband and wife was significantly positively related to the quality of marriage. The regression results showed that the quality of marriage increased as the length of the husband's education increased, but decreased as the family's vulnerability increased. This study recommends strengthening family capacity in reducing vulnerability and improving the quality of marital relationships to support better marital quality.