Analisis Morfometrik Ayam Merawang, Ayam Arab, dan Silangannya pada Umur 2-12 Minggu

Abstract

Ayam merawang dan ayam arab merupakan dua rumpun ayam lokal Indonesia. Persilangan keduanya diharapkan menghasilkan ayam dwiguna (merawangarab) dengan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menganalisis karakteristik morfometrik ayam merawang, ayam arab, dan merawangarab pada umur 2–12 minggu. Sebanyak 20 ekor DOC ayam merawang, 42 ekor DOC ayam arab, dan 31 ekor DOC ayam merawangarab dipelihara dengan kondisi sama. Pengukuran peubah morfometrik dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Peubah yang diamati meliputi panjang femur, panjang tibia, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang dada, lebar dada, dalam dada, lingkar dada, panjang punggung, panjang sayap, dan bobot badan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam pada selang kepercayaan 95% dan dilakukan uji banding berganda Tukey pada hasil yang berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik morfometrik ayam merawang, ayam arab, dan merawangarab pada umur 2–12 minggu berbeda. Ayam merawang memiliki profil morfometrik yang secara konsisten lebih besar dibandingkan ayam arab dan ayam merawangarab pada seluruh peubah dan pada sejumlah fase umur. Sejumlah peubah morfometrik, pada ayam merawangarab secara komparatif lebih besar dibandingkan ayam arab dan secara statistik sama dengan ayam merawang.

Merawang and arab chickens are two local Indonesian chicken breeds. Crossbreeding between the two is expected to produce dual-purpose chickens (merawangarab) with higher productivity. This study aims to examine differences in morphometric characteristics among merawang, arab, and merawangarab chickens between 2 and 12 weeks of age. A total of 20 merawang day-old chicks (DOC), 42 Arab DOC, and 31 merawangarab DOC were reared under uniform conditions. Morphometric measurements were taken every two weeks. The observed variables included femur length, tibia length, shank length, shank circumference, breast length, breast width, breast depth, breast circumference, back length, wing length, and body weight. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level, and Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed only on significant results. The results showed that the morphometric characteristics of merawang, arab, and merawangarab chickens at 2–12 weeks of age differed. Merawang chickens consistently exhibited larger morphometric profiles compared to both arab and merawangarab chickens across all variables and at various age phases. A number of morphometric variables in merawangarab chickens are comparatively larger than those in arab chickens and statistically equivalent to those in merawang chickens.