Optimasi Degumming NaCl Minyak Ikan Makarel (Scomber japonicus) Hasil Samping Penepungan Berdasarkan Standar Oksidatif IFOS.

Abstract

Minyak ikan makarel hasil samping industri penepungan memiliki kualitas awal rendah akibat tingginya kandungan pengotor dan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh kondisi optimum proses degumming menggunakan NaCl minyak ikan makarel hasil samping industri penepungan berdasarkan parameter oksidatif International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS). Karakterisasi awal minyak ikan makarel kasar menunjukkan nilai asam lemak bebas 4,21 ± 0,04%, bilangan peroksida 25,86 ± 1,40 mEq/kg, bilangan anisidin 9,69 ± 0,02 mEq/kg, dan total oksidasi 61,42 ± 2,77 mEq/kg. Optimasi proses dilakukan menggunakan Respone Surface Methodology tipe Central Composite Design dengan dua faktor, yaitu rasio minyak terhadap larutan NaCl dan konsentrasi NaCl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum proses degumming diperoleh pada rasio minyak terhadap larutan NaCl 1:1 (v/v) dan konsentrasi NaCl 3% (b/v) dengan desirability 0,89. Minyak hasil pemurnian setelah dilanjutkan proses netralisasi NaOH 10 °Be dan bleaching Magnesol XL 1,4% (b/v) pada suhu 50 °C selama 20 menit menghasilkan nilai asam lemak bebas 0,41%, bilangan peroksida 1,80 mEq/kg, bilangan anisidin 7,40 mEq/kg, dan total oksidasi11 mEq/kg.

Mackerel fish oil obtained as a by-product of the fish meal industry has relatively low initial quality due to the presence of impurities and oxidative degradation. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions of the NaCl assisted degumming process for the purification of mackerel fish oil based on the oxidative quality parameters of the International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS). The initial characterization of crude mackerel fish oil showed free fatty acid of 4.21 ± 0.04%, peroxide value of 25.86 ± 1.40 mEq/kg, p-anisidine value of 9.69 ± 0.02 mEq/kg, and total oxidation value of 61.42 ± 2.77 mEq/kg, respectively. Process optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology with a Central Composite Design, involving two factors the oil-to-NaCl solution ratio and NaCl concentration. The results showed that the optimum degumming condition was achieved at an oil-to-NaCl solution ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and NaCl concentration of 3% (w/v), with a desirability value of 0.89. The purified oil after subsequent neutralization using 10 °Be NaOH and bleaching using 1.4% (w/v) Magnesol XL at 50 °C for 20 minutes resulted in free fatty acid of 0.41%, peroxide value of 1.80 mEq/kg, p-anisidine value of 7.40 mEq/kg, and total oxidation value of 11 mEq/kg.