FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EDIBLE FILM BERBASIS ULVAN DAN ALGINAT

Abstract

Akumulasi sampah plastik mendorong pengembangan kemasan dengan sifat biodegradable, salah satunya melalui penerapan edible film. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan formula dan karakteristik edible film berbasis ulvan dan alginat dengan rasio yang berbeda, serta pemetaan pemanfaatan dalam berbagai aplikasi. Penelitian menggunakan tiga variasi rasio ulvan:alginat, yaitu 1:3, 1:1, dan 3:1. Prosedur dilakukan melalui ekstraksi ulvan, preparasi larutan film, pencampuran, pencetakan, dan pengeringan. Parameter uji edible film yaitu transparansi, ketebalan, densitas, kadar air, kelarutan, daya serap air, dan mekanik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan karakteristik antar rasio. Rasio 1:3 menunjukkan elastisitas tertinggi dengan nilai elongasi 104,36±13,80% dan transparan dengan waktu kelarutan 8,67 jam. Rasio 1:1 memiliki kuat tarik tertinggi sebesar 2, 81±1,83 MPa dan daya serap air lebih tinggi. Rasio 3:1 menunjukkan ketahanan kelembaban yang lebih baik, dengan kuat tarik yang rendah sebesar 2,03±2,10 MPa. Kombinasi ulvan dan alginat meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik dan ketahanan kelembaban, tetapi mengurangi fleksibilitas dan kelarutan film. Penelitian menunjukkan edible film berbasis ulvan dan alginat memiliki potensi sebagai kemasan ramah lingkungan, dengan karakteristik yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan aplikasi.

The accumulation of plastic waste encourages the development of packaging with biodegradable properties, one of which is through the application of edible film. The study aims to determine the formula and characteristics of edible films based on ulvan and alginate with different ratios, as well as mapping their use in various applications. The study used three variations of the ulvan:alginate ratio, namely 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. The procedure was carried out through the stages of ulvan extraction, film solution preparation, mixing, printing, and drying. The edible film test parameters were transparency, thickness, density, water content, solubility, water absorption, and mechanical properties. The results showed differences in characteristics between ratios. The 1:3 ratio showed the highest elasticity with an elongation value of 104.36±13.80% and was transparent with a dissolution time of 8.67 hours. The 1:1 ratio had the highest tensile strength of 2.81±1.83 MPa and higher water absorption. A 3:1 ratio showed better moisture resistance, but a lower tensile strength of 2.03±2.10 MPa. The combination of ulvan and alginate increased mechanical strength and moisture resistance, but reduced film flexibility and solubility. This study shows that ulvan and alginate-based edible films have potential as environmentally friendly packaging, with characteristics tailored to application needs.