Karakterisasi Kitosan Kulit Pupa Sutra Eri (Samia cynthia ricini) dengan Konsentrasi NaOH Berbeda pada Proses Deasetilasi

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi kitosan dari kulit pupa sutra eri (Samia cynthia ricini), sesuai standar mutu SNI 7949:2022 tentang Kitosan – Syarat Mutu dan Pengolahan. Kitosan diekstraksi melalui proses demineralisasi, deproteinasi, depigmentasi, dan deasetilasi. Proses deasetilasi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH (40%, 50%, dan 60%). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi rendemen, warna, bentuk partikel, kadar air, kadar abu, dan derajat deasetilasi (DD) kitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen kitosan kulit pupa eri berkisar antara 12,17% hingga 14,90%, dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan NaOH 60%. Karakteristik kitosan yang diperoleh memiliki warna coklat muda, bentuk partikel berupa serpihan, kadar air 4,07%, kadar abu 0,86%, dan nilai DD sebesar 75,76% pada perlakuan NaOH 60%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kitosan dari kulit pupa sutra eri telah memenuhi standar SNI 7949:2022, terutama untuk derajat deasetilasi (=75%). Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa kulit pupa sutra eri berpotensi menjadi sumber alternatif bahan baku kitosan yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk berbagai aplikasi.

This study aims to characterize chitosan derived from the pupal skin of eri silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini) in accordance with the quality standards of SNI 7949:2022 regarding Chitosan – Quality Requirements and Processing. Chitosan was extracted through demineralization, deproteinization, depigmentation, and deacetylation processes. The deacetylation process was carried out using varying NaOH concentrations (40%, 50%, and 60%). The analyzed parameters included yield, color, particle shape, moisture content, ash content, and degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan. The results showed that the chitosan yield from eri pupal skin ranged from 12.17% to 14.90%, with the highest value observed at 60% NaOH treatment. The obtained chitosan exhibited light brown color, flake-shaped particles, 4.07% moisture content, 0.86% ash content, and a degree of deacetylation value of 75.76% at 60% NaOH treatment. These findings indicate that chitosan from eri silkworm pupal skin meets the SNI 7949:2022 standard, particularly in terms of the degree of deacetylation (=75%). This study suggests that eri pupal skin has the potential to serve as an alternative raw material for chitosan production, which can be further developed for various applications.