Rekayasa Penetasan Ulat Sutra Eri (Samia cynthia ricini) dengan Fotoperiode 16D:8L pada Suhu yang Berbeda

Abstract

Ulat sutra eri (Samia cynthia ricini) berpotensi besar dalam sektor industri dan telah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Budidaya skala besar menghadapi tantangan keterbatasan pakan, sehingga diperlukan pengaturan penetasan melalui metode fotoperiode. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh fotoperiode 16D:8L pada suhu 15, 25, dan 30 °C terhadap penundaan penetasan dan produktivitas ulat sutra S. c. ricini. Pengambilan data meliputi suhu dan kelembapan, daya tetas, lama waktu penetasan, lama waktu penundaan penetasan, pola perkembangan embrio, viabilitas larva, morfometrik larva, dan karakteristik kokon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu 15 °C menghasilkan daya tetas terendah yaitu 2,56%, waktu penetasan terlama yaitu 23,50 hari, dan mampu menunda penetasan hingga 15,50 hari, namun ulat sutra S. c. ricini hanya mampu bertahan hidup pada suhu 25?°C. Pada suhu 25?°C menunjukkan produktivitas yang baik ditandai dengan perkembangan sampai menghasilkan kokon dan pupa dengan rataan bobot kokon utuh yaitu 1,96 g, bobot floss yaitu 0,05 g, bobot pupa yaitu 1,85 g, dan bobot kulit kokon yaitu 0,27 g.

The eri silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini) has considerable potential in industry and has been cultivated in Indonesia. Large-scale farming encounters challenges, especially in feed availability, leading to the need for hatching regulation through photoperiod methods. This study aims to investigate how a 16D:8L photoperiod at temperatures of 15, 25, and 30?°C affects hatching delay and the productivity of S. c. ricini silkworms. Data were collected on temperature and humidity, hatching rates, duration, delays, embryonic development patterns, larval viability, larval morphometrics, and cocoon characteristics. The findings revealed that a temperature of 15?°C led to the lowest hatching rate (2,56%), the most extended hatching duration (23,50 days), and a delay in hatching of up to 15,50 days. In contrast, S. c. ricini silkworms thrived only at 25?°C, where they showed good productivity, evidenced by their successful development into cocoons and pupae. The average weight of the whole cocoon was 1,96?g, with a floss weight of 0,05?g, pupal weight of 1,85?g, and cocoon shell weight of 0,27?g.