Interaksi Probiotik Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dengan Berbagai Feed Additive terhadap Fermentabilitas Rumen dan Mitigasi Metana secara In vitro
Date
2024Author
Islami, Ilma
Amirroenas, Dwierra Evvyernie
Ridwan, Roni
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Fermentasi rumen menghasilkan produk akhir berupa gas metana. Produksi
metana menyebabkan kehilangan sebesar 2%-12% gross energy intake (GEI).
Dampak yang terjadi harus segera diatasi untuk meningkatkan produksi.
Penggunaan feed additive dilakukan sebagai strategi mengurangi kehilangan energi.
Feed additive yang aman digunakan bagi ternak seperti probiotik, prebiotik, ekstrak
tanaman, dan enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh
penambahan probiotik Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum),
xilooligosakarida (XOS), XOS terproteksi tanin, enzim selulase, dan kombinasinya
terhadap fermentabilitas rumen dan produksi metana, serta mengevaluasi interaksi
antara probiotik L. plantarum dengan berbagai feed additive terhadap
fermentabilitas rumen dan produksi metana. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap
yaitu tahap persiapan bahan penelitian dan fermentasi in vitro. Tahap pertama yaitu
penyusunan ransum, menumbuhkan probiotik L. plantarum dalam medium
perlakuan yang dibagi dalam tiga perlakuan serta tiga ulangan dengan rancangan
acak lengkap, dan produksi XOS secara enzimatis menggunakan enzim selulase
dari Actinomycetes. Tahap kedua yaitu fermentasi in vitro menggunakan cairan
rumen sapi Peranakan Ongole dan persentase ransum 40% rumput gajah:60%
konsentrat. Tahap ini dibagi dalam empat belas perlakuan serta lima ulangan
dengan rancangan acak kelompok. Parameter yang diamati di antaranya yaitu
mikrobiologi probiotik, analisis oligosakarida, pH, konsentrasi amonia (N-NH3),
volatile fatty acids (VFA) parsial, kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan
bahan organik (KcBO), total gas, kinetika gas, produksi metana, dan populasi
bakteri rumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan
Pearson’s correlation (r) serta perlakuan yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada
medium probiotik diuji dengan uji lanjut Duncan, sedangkan variabel fermentasi
yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) diuji dengan kontras Ortogonal yang dibagi menjadi
empat kelompok perlakuan menggunakan SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata
(P<0,05) terhadap pH probiotik, asetat (C2), propionate (C3), isobutirat, butirat,
isovalerat, rasio C2:C3, total gas, kinetika gas, metana, total bakteri, Ruminococcus
flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, L. plantarum,
Selenomonas ruminantium, dan metanogen, sedangkan perlakuan lainnya tidak
menunjukkan perbedaan. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan 3,48%
dekstrosa, 0,3% lisin, dan 0,3% metionin mampu menurunkan pH medium. Xilan
dari pelepah sawit dapat dihidrolisis menjadi xilooligosakarida oleh enzim selulase
dari Actinomycetes. Penggunaan 1% dan 3% XOS, 1% dan 3% XOS terproteksi
tanin secara tunggal, serta kombinasinya dengan probiotik L. plantarum dan enzim
selulase mampu menurunkan produksi gas metana. Kombinasi probiotik dengan
feed additive terbukti lebih efisien dalam mengurangi metana. Rumen fermentation produces the end product of methane gas. Methane
production causes losses of 2%-12% of gross energy intake (GEI). The impact that
occurs must be addressed immediately to increase production. Feed additives are
used as a strategy to reduce energy loss. Feed additives safe for livestock include
probiotics, prebiotics, plant extracts, and enzymes. This study aims to identify the
effect of the addition of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum),
xylooligosaccharide (XOS), tannin-protected XOS, cellulase enzyme, and their
combination on rumen fermentability and methane production, and evaluate the
interaction between probiotic L. plantarum and various feed additives on rumen
fermentability and methane production. This research consisted of two stages:
preparation of research materials and in vitro fermentation. The first stage was the
preparation of the ration, growing probiotic L. plantarum in the treatment medium,
which was divided into three treatments and three replications with a complete
randomized design, and enzymatic production of XOS using cellulase enzymes
from Actinomycetes. The second stage was in vitro fermentation using Peranakan
Ongole cattle rumen fluid and a ration percentage of 40% elephant grass:60%
concentrate. This stage was divided into fourteen treatments and five replicates with
a group randomized design. Parameters observed included probiotic microbiology,
oligosaccharide analysis, pH, ammonia concentration (N-NH3), partial volatile fatty
acids (VFA), dry matter digestibility (KcBK), organic matter digestibility (KcBO),
total gas, gas kinetics, methane production, and rumen bacterial population. Data
were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation (r),
and treatments that differed significantly (P<0.05) on the probiotic medium were
tested with Duncan's further test. In contrast, fermentation variables that differed
significantly (P<0.05) were tested with Orthogonal contrast and divided into four
treatment groups using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). The results showed that
the treatments had a significant effect (P<0.05) on probiotic pH, acetate (C2),
propionate (C3), isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, C2:C3 ratio, total gas, gas kinetics,
methane, total bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,
Prevotella ruminicola, L. plantarum, Selenomonas ruminantium, and methanogens,
while other treatments showed no difference. This study concludes that adding
3.48% dextrose, 0.3% lysine, and 0.3% methionine can reduce the pH of the
medium. Xylan from palm fronds can be hydrolyzed into xylooligosaccharides by
cellulase enzyme from Actinomycetes. Using 1% and 3% XOS, 1% and 3% tannin protected XOS singly, and their combination with probiotic L. plantarum and
cellulase enzyme reduced methane gas production. Combining probiotics with feed
additives proved to be more efficient in reducing methane.
Collections
- MT - Animal Science [1187]