Model Neraca Nitrogen pada Pertanian Indonesia serta Dampak yang Ditimbulkan Tahun 1968 dan 2008

Abstract

Intensification has been choosen as a main effort of agricultural development in Indonesia. The measure of fertilizer is the main characteristic of intensification within which urea (nitrogen) is the most common fertilizer. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen Past to the environment, to estimate its environmental impacts and to find their mitigation measures of fertilizer application. In order to obtain a comprehensive result, system aproach was used. Secondary data and other sources of reliable information were used. Four inputs entering the system are mineral fertilizer, plant N-fixation, soil bacterial fixation and precipitation. Nitrogen mass-balance models were developed to determine production, efficiency and the nitrogen losses. The result showed the Same trend of the system, increased the the lost and decrease the efficiency around 1968 dan 2008. From the material balance model outputs, it is predicted that around 138 kg-N/ha-year are lost and antering the environment or ecosystem. It is estimated that the future Indonesian agriculture will be more intensive and fertilizer application will increase. Fertilizer impacts are decreasing of nitrogen efficiency, soil organic matters, macroelements and organisms, groundwater contamination and air pollution. To avoid most of the possible adverse effects, some efforts might be made by reduce the use mineral fertilizer, increasing legume, use of azolla and increase the use organic fertilizer (green and animal manure). A recommended that used the future Indonesian agricultural development to Sustain the agricultural production should be optimize input agricultural and minimizing losses.