Pengaruh Arang Aktif terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Respons Imun Udang Vaname yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyerang udang vaname dan menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) atau Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) pada udang. Alternatif untuk melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan infeksi bakteri pada udang yaitu dengan arang aktif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname berukuran 6,04 ± 0,13 gram per ekor dipelihara dengan kepadatan awal 50 ekor untuk setiap bak pemeliharaan, kemudian diberi pakan komersial yang telah dicampur dengan arang aktif selama 14 hari pemeliharaan. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1 setelah diberi perlakuan selama 14 hari. Kelangsungan hidup diamati selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan Kontrol (+) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus), Kontrol (-) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diimersi phosphate buffer saline), pakan dengan arang aktif 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus. Pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg- 1; 3 g kg-1 pakan mampu meningkatkan proteksi udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus dan menunjukkan respons imun serta gambaran histopatologi organ usus udang yang lebih baik. Perlakuan 2 g kg-1 pakan memberikan nilai kinerja pertumbuhan udang yang terbaik.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that attacks white shrimp causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS). An alternative to prevent and treat bacterial infections in shrimp is activated charcoal. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of giving activated charcoal with different doses through feed on the production performance and immune response of vaname shrimp infected by V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. Vannamei shrimp measuring 6.04 ± 0.13 grams per head was reared with an initial density of 50 fish for each rearing tank. The shrimp was fed with commercial feed mixed with activated charcoal for 14 days of rearing. The challenge test was carried out by being infected with V. parahaemolyticus at a consentrasion of 107 CFU mL-1 after being treated for 14 days. Survival was observed for 14 days. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely control (+) treatment (feed without activated charcoal and tested against V. parahaemolyticus), control (-) (feed without activated charcoal and phosphate buffered saline immersion), feed with activated charcoal 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 and tested against V. parahaemolyticus. The result showed that addition of activated charcoal with doses 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 of feed was able to increase the protection of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection and showed a better immune response and histopathological picture of shrimp intestinal organs. Treatment of 2 g kg-1 feed gave the best value for shrimp growth performance.