Pengaruh Arang Aktif terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Respons Imun Udang Vaname yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat
menyerang udang vaname dan menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic
Necrosis Disease (AHPND) atau Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) pada udang.
Alternatif untuk melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan infeksi bakteri pada
udang yaitu dengan arang aktif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja
produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri V.
parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname berukuran 6,04 ± 0,13 gram per ekor dipelihara
dengan kepadatan awal 50 ekor untuk setiap bak pemeliharaan, kemudian diberi
pakan komersial yang telah dicampur dengan arang aktif selama 14 hari
pemeliharaan. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus
konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1 setelah diberi perlakuan selama 14 hari. Kelangsungan
hidup diamati selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga
ulangan yaitu perlakuan Kontrol (+) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diuji tantang V.
parahaemolyticus), Kontrol (-) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diimersi phosphate
buffer saline), pakan dengan arang aktif 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 dan diuji
tantang V. parahaemolyticus. Pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-
1; 3 g kg-1 pakan mampu meningkatkan proteksi udang terhadap infeksi V.
parahaemolyticus dan menunjukkan respons imun serta gambaran histopatologi
organ usus udang yang lebih baik. Perlakuan 2 g kg-1 pakan memberikan nilai
kinerja pertumbuhan udang yang terbaik. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that attacks white shrimp causing
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality
Syndrome (EMS). An alternative to prevent and treat bacterial infections in
shrimp is activated charcoal. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of
giving activated charcoal with different doses through feed on the production
performance and immune response of vaname shrimp infected by V.
parahaemolyticus bacteria. Vannamei shrimp measuring 6.04 ± 0.13 grams per
head was reared with an initial density of 50 fish for each rearing tank. The
shrimp was fed with commercial feed mixed with activated charcoal for 14 days
of rearing. The challenge test was carried out by being infected with V.
parahaemolyticus at a consentrasion of 107 CFU mL-1 after being treated for 14
days. Survival was observed for 14 days. This study consisted of five treatments
and three replications, namely control (+) treatment (feed without activated
charcoal and tested against V. parahaemolyticus), control (-) (feed without
activated charcoal and phosphate buffered saline immersion), feed with activated
charcoal 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 and tested against V. parahaemolyticus. The
result showed that addition of activated charcoal with doses 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g
kg-1 of feed was able to increase the protection of shrimp against V.
parahaemolyticus infection and showed a better immune response and
histopathological picture of shrimp intestinal organs. Treatment of 2 g kg-1 feed
gave the best value for shrimp growth performance.