Produksi Etanol Oleh Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus Dari Sirup Dekstrin Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sp.) Menggunakan Metode Aerasi Penuh Dan Aerasi Dihentikan
Abstract
Indonesia is known as the largest owner land of sago, with the area around 1 million ha, or 50% of 2 million ha of world sago area (Marsudi and Aprilia, 2006). The great potential of sago in Indonesia has not been used optimally. Thus far, only about 10% of the total national sago area that has been used to meet food and industry requirements. When sago is cultivated properly, it’s dried starch productivity would reach 25 ton/ha/year, much higher as compared to cassava 1,5 tons/ha/year, potatoes 2,5 tons/ha/year, and corn 5,5 tons/ha/year. (Sumaryono, 2007) This research is aimed to find the possibility of using dextrin as substrate for ethanol production, to see potentiality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus as the ethanol producer, also the selection of aeration rate and total sugar concentration for fermentation. More over, this research also aims to determine the influence of bioprocess engineering (full and stopped aeration) to biomass and ethanol production. In the first study conducted, fermentation was treated at different substrate concentrations (18%, 24%, 30%, 36% w/v) and two regimes of aeration (1 vvm and 2 vvm). It is found that the best treatment was obtained from fermentation at 30% substrate concentration and 1 vvm aeration rate, which produced the highest amount of biomass (2,98 g/l) with the value of μmaks was 0,29 hour-1. For the first six hour cultivation, biomass growth was still in log phase. The residual sugar content in substrate and the pH value decreased during the fermentation process. The decline of residual sugar contents in substrate showed the activity of cells that consumed dextrin as substrate. While changes in pH was due to the release of H+ during the consumption of NH4 +, also the use of amino acids as nitrogen source and the accumulation of by products such as organic acids from carbohydrate metabolism. Bioprocess engineering was done on the treatment selected, with the stop of aeration after its first 6 hours cultivation. In 24 hours of fermentation, ethanol produced was 24,94±0,16 g/l. This results was much higher than the treatment with full aeration which only produced ethanol as much as 21,25±0,55 g/l. The pH at the end of fermentation in full aeration reached 3,05, while in stop aeration was 3,15. The extreme low pH can prevent the growth of microorganisms. The stop of aeration after the first 6 hour aeration change the environment of the fermentation conditions from aerob to be anaerob, so that the fermentation process for the formation of ethanol can be maximized.