| dc.description.abstract | Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak terus meningkat mengakibatkan ketersediaannya terbatas. Salah satu upaya terbaik yaitu mengembangkan energi alternatif. Tanaman nyamplung berpotensi tinggi sebagai sumber untuk bahan bakar nabati karena biji dari buah nyamplung menghasilkan minyak non pangan dengan rendemen tinggi. Untuk memenuhi standar mutu bahan bakar nabati, minyak nyamplung kasar perlu dimurnikan terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi suhu (70–90 oC) dan waktu (10–30 menit) pada proses pemurnian minyak nyamplung kasar hasil proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut biner agar mendapatkan karakteristik minyak yang sesuai standar mutu minyak murni sebagai bahan bakar nabati. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan central composite design dengan variabel bebas suhu dan waktu, sedangkan optimasi dilakukan menggunakan response surface method. Model terbaik hasil optimasi rendemen minyak adalah model kuadratik. Rendemen minyak nyamplung murni optimum sebesar 44,62% yang diperoleh pada suhu 81,44 oC dan waktu 19,93 menit. Maksimasi rendemen minyak dengan batasan bilangan asam menghasilkan rendemen minyak dan bilangan asam optimum berturut-turut sebesar 44,44% dan 2,43 mg-KOH.g-1 diperoleh pada suhu 83,38 oC dan waktu 19,70 menit. Validasi terhadap kondisi proses optimum menghasilkan rendemen minyak 46,40% dengan mutu minyak sebagai berikut: densitas 0,906 g.cm-3, viskositas 19,67 cSt, bilangan asam 2,39 mg-KOH.g-1, kadar air 0,042%, dan kadar abu 0,027%.
The increasing demand has caused a limited fuel oil availability. One of the best efforts is to develop alternative energy. The Calophyllum plant has high potential as a source for biofuel because the seeds of the Calophyllum fruit produce non food oil with high yields. To fulfill the quality standards of biofuels, crude Calophyllum oil needs to be purified first. The purpose of this study was to optimize the temperature (70–90 oC) and time (10–30 min) in the refining process of crude Calophyllum oil extracted using binary solvent to obtain the oil with characteristics according to pure oil standards as biofuel. This study used an experimental design of the central composite design with variables of temperature and time, while optimization was carried out using the response surface method. The best model for the optimization of oil yield was the quadratic model. The optimum oil yield was 44.62% which was obtained at a temperature of 81.44 oC and a time of 19.93 min. The optimization of the oil yield with the acid value as constraint resulted respectively in the optimum oil yield and acid value of 44.44% and 2.43 mg- KOH.g1, which were obtained at a temperature of 83.38 oC and a time of 19.70 min. Validation of the optimum process conditions resulted in an oil yield of 46.40% with oil quality such as: density 0.906 g.cm-3, viscosity 19.67 cSt, acid value 2.39 mg-KOH.g-1, water content 0.042%, and 0.027% ash content. | id |
